Fahrenheit 451 Themes and Literary Devices

Ray Bradbury’s 1953 novel Fahrenheit 451 addresses complex themes of censorship, freedom, and technology. Unlike most science fiction, Fahrenheit 451 does not view technology as a universal good. Rather, the novel explores the potential for technological advancement to make humans less free. Bradbury investigates these concepts with a straightforward writing style, employing several literary devices that add layers of meaning to the story. Freedom of Thought vs. Censorship The central theme of Fahrenheit 451 is the conflict between freedom of thought and censorship. The society that Bradbury depicts has voluntarily given up books and reading, and by and large the people do not feel oppressed or censored. The character of Captain Beatty provides a concise explanation for this phenomenon: the more people learn from books, Beatty tells Montag, the more confusion, uncertainty, and distress arises. Thus, the society decided that it would be safer to destroy the books—thus restricting their access to ideas—and occupy themselves with mindless entertainment. Bradbury shows a society that is clearly in decline despite its technological advances. Montag’s wife Mildred, who serves as a stand-in for society at large, is obsessed with television, numbed by drugs, and suicidal. She is also frightened by new, unfamiliar ideas of any kind. The mindless entertainment has dulled her ability to think critically, and she lives in a state of fear and emotional distress. Clarisse McClellan, the teenager who inspires Montag to question society, stands in direct opposition to Mildred and the other members of society. Clarisse questions the status quo and pursues knowledge for its own sake, and she is exuberant and full of life. The character of Clarisse offers hope for humanity explicitly because she demonstrates that it is still possible to have freedom of thought. The Dark Side of Technology Unlike many other works of science fiction, the society in Fahrenheit 451 is made worse by technology. In fact, all the technology described in the story is ultimately harmful to the people who interact with it. Montag’s flamethrower destroys knowledge and causes him to witness terrible things. The huge televisions hypnotize their viewers, resulting in parents with no emotional connection to their children and a population that cannot think for itself. Robotics are used to chase down and murder dissenters, and nuclear power ultimately destroys civilization itself. In Fahrenheit 451, the only hope for the survival of the human race is a world without technology. The drifters that Montag meets with in the wilderness have memorized books, and they plan to use their memorized knowledge to rebuild society. Their plan involves only human brains and human bodies, which represent ideas and our physical ability to implement them, respectively. The 1950s saw the initial rise of television as a mass medium for entertainment, and Bradbury was very suspicious of it. He saw television as a passive medium that required no critical thinking the way reading did, even light reading done just for amusement. His depiction of a society that has given up reading in favor of the easier, more mindless engagement with television is nightmarish: People have lost their connection to one another, spend their time in a drugged dreamland, and actively conspire to destroy great works of literature—all because they are constantly under the influence of television, which is designed to never disturb or challenge, only to entertain. Obedience vs. Rebellion In Fahrenheit 451, the society at large represents blind obedience and conformity. In fact, the characters of the novel even assist their own oppression by voluntarily banning books. Mildred, for example, actively avoids listening to or engaging with new ideas. Captain Beatty is a former book lover, but he, too, has concluded that books are dangerous and must be burned. Faber agrees with Montags beliefs, but he is fearful of the repercussions of taking action (though he ultimately does so). Montag represents rebellion. Despite the resistance and danger he faces, Montag questions societal norms and steals books. However, its important to note that Montags rebellion is not necessarily pure of heart. Many of his actions can be read as resulting from personal dissatisfaction, such as angrily lashing out at his wife and attempting to make others see his point of view. He does not share the knowledge he gains from the books he hoards, nor does he seem to consider how he might help others. When he flees the city, he saves himself not because he foresaw the nuclear war, but because his instinctive and self-destructive actions have forced him to run. This parallels his wife’s suicide attempts, which he holds in such contempt: Montag’s actions are not thoughtful and purposeful. They are emotional and shallow, showing that Montag is a much a part of society as anyone else. The only people shown to be truly independent are the drifters led by Granger, who live outside of society. Away from the damaging influence of television and the watching eyes of their neighbors, they are able to live in true freedom—the freedom to think as they like. Literary Devices Bradbury’s writing style is florid and energetic, giving a sense of urgency and desperation with lengthy sentences containing sub-clauses that crash into each other: â€Å"Her face was slender and milk-white, and it was a kind of gentle hunger that touched over everything with a tireless curiosity. It was a look of almost pale surprise; the dark eyes were so fixed to the world that no move escaped them.† Additionally, Bradbury uses two main devices to convey an emotional urgency to the reader. Animal Imagery Bradbury uses animal imagery when describing technology and actions in order to show the perverse lack of the natural in his fictional world—this is a society dominated by, and harmed by, a total reliance on technology over the natural, a perversion of the ‛natural order.’ For example, the opening paragraph describes his flamethrower as a ‛great python’: â€Å"It was a pleasure to burn. It was a special pleasure to see things eaten, to see things blackened and changed. With the brass nozzle in his fists, with this great python spitting its venomous kerosene upon the world, the blood pounded in his head, and his hands were the hands of some amazing conductor playing all the symphonies of blazing and burning to bring down the tatters and charcoal ruins of history.† Other imagery also compares technology to animals: the stomach pump is a snake and the helicopters in the sky are insects. Additionally, the weapon of death is the eight-legged Mechanical Hound. (Notably, there are no living animals in the novel.) Repetition and Patterns Fahrenheit 451 also deals in cycles and repeated patterns. The Firemen’s symbol is the Phoenix, which Granger eventually explains in this way: â€Å"There was a silly damn bird called a Phoenix back before Christ: every few hundred years he built a pyre and burned himself up. He must have been first cousin to Man. But every time he burnt himself up he sprang out of the ashes, he got himself born all over again. And it looks like were doing the same thing, over and over, but weve got one damn thing the Phoenix never had. We know the damn silly thing we just did.† The ending of the novel makes it clear that Bradbury views this process as a cycle. Humanity progresses and advances technology, then is destroyed by it, then recovers and repeats the pattern without retaining the knowledge of the previous failure. This cyclical imagery pops up elsewhere, most notably with Mildred’s repeated suicide attempts and inability to remember them as well as Montag’s revelation that he has repeatedly stolen books without doing anything with them.

Marketing Of A Product Based Advertising Effort - 1623 Words

Marketers in today s business surroundings are given the specific test of dodging clashed informing, oversaturation of promoting activities, consumer dithering and monitored behaviour keeping in mind the end goal to accomplish their destinations of improving long haul brand reliability and empowering product acquisitions. While there are environmental factors which may impact consumer’s behaviour, the hugest artificiality originates from mental impacts connected with promoting correspondence and individual translation of brand and product value. By growing this worth past base level understanding, advertisers can impact consumer behaviour and divert buys over developed timeframes. To accomplish such principles, on the other hand, it is†¦show more content†¦Finally, conclusions will be drawn to justify effective marketing is directly affects consumer behaviour and more powerful methods of communication and consumer persuasion are immediate effect of cognitive and socia l learning theory. From both experimental and business sector viewpoints, the capacity to impact consumer behaviour is straightforwardly dependent upon a comprehension of the inborn and outward inspiration which the lion s share of consumers inside of a given business sector or business division display. By demonstrating such inspirations and setting up quality connected with a specific brand or product, advertisers will have the capacity to maintain consumer steadfastness over the lifecycle of an product and contend all the more viably inside of commercial centres that are exceedingly soaked. A turning point meaning of promoting by Peter Drucker (1999) would solidly build up the relative worth and significance of purchaser behaviour in powerful advertising, contending that showcasing is the entire business seen from the perspective of its last product, that is, from the client s perspective (p58). Promoting, along these lines, turns into a composite of both pre-buy consumer behaviour understanding and anticipating and post-buy behavioural investigation. Along these lines, a fast increment in

Freedom of Expression in India Free Essays

Freedom of expression in India Our motherland is everything for us and no matter how far we are from our motherland, we feel connected to our country emotionally as well as spiritually. We enjoy and celebrate the achievements and developments of our country with pride. Whenever we notice any positive development or urbanization, we feel proud to be the part of our country. We will write a custom essay sample on Freedom of Expression in India or any similar topic only for you Order Now When we have the right to celebrate the achievements of our country, we also have the right to criticize the negative development and unethical activities. As the citizen of our country we have the right to vote and elect the person who we trust for the welfare of common public and the country. Any country is represented by its people and every citizen is crucial and important as we all unite together and establish a wonderful nation. When we notice that our politicians are doing something really great for our country , we reward them by reelecting them in coming elections , we make them our favorite leader and we often spread there songs of victory to our friends and society . The political leaders are answerable to us, there accountability and there behavior depends on there actions. We people are also bound by rules and regulations, law and order should be applicable for everyone. Law and order is impartial and genuine, the culprit gets punishment and the innocent gets rewards. Well things should be under control of law and we all have to work positively for the progress of our nation. But things become artificial when the law and order favors the influential and powerful people, besides committing thousands of mistakes the powerful culprits are not punished and on the other hand the common man is punished every single second for his one mistake. Thousands of cases of powerful businessmen and politicians are pending and files are closed with the token of money but still the common man has no right to raise his voice against corruption. The media groups and big media houses are also powerful and influential and they have the power to expose and disclose the corruption and the corrupt people but are they really doing justice to the common people? Well common man can be easily punished for a single remark or comment as the common man is powerless and the right of freedom of speech is snatched from his hands by the corrupt leaders who want to hear what there ears like. On the other hand the media cannot be punished easily as the politicians and the powerful business man are also dependent on media for fame and popularity. Most of the secret affairs and corruption scams are hidden from public, they should be disclosed but again it all depends on media and its working as media is greatly dominated and influenced by the powerful corrupt entities. The common man will remain a common man, he might get thousands of rights in the books but in reality he is born to suffer. How to cite Freedom of Expression in India, Essay examples

Victoria Bushfire Management Of Recovery †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Victoria Bushfire Management Of Recovery? Answer: Introduction In our daily life, the world often faces great emergency situations which bear significant impact on individuals as well as the society at large. One of the major emergency situations which face a nation is the incident of a bushfire. Therefore, there is need to develop appropriate management guides to help in the recovery phase of the affected regions as well as the affected families. One of the major known bushfires is the Victoria bushfire that occurred on 2009 in the Australia (ChooNadarajah, 2014). It is commonly referred to as the Black Saturday fires in which historically these were the most devastating bush fires experienced in Australia. The tragic event was precedent a number of factors which are believed to have resulted in the fires. The Victoria state during this period this period was experiencing the worst weather conditions. The state was experiencing extreme heat conditions, high winds, and low humidity as well as a severe drought. Purpose of the study The main aim of the study is to evaluate and outline the strategies and principles that can be adopted to effectively guide and manage the recovery process for the affected individuals in the Victoria 2009 bush fire. The report gives an overview of the issue before, during, as well as after the bushfire occurrence. The report then advises on the proper guidelines that can be adopted to ensure a proper recovery management for fast and efficient recovery phase management. Overview of the Victorian community Victoria community before the occurrence of the bushfire was a diverse community consisting of various types of wildlife. The community had six special nature impacted sections including Yarra Ranges National Park, Kinglake National Park, Cathedral Range, Lady Talbot Drive, Wilsons Prom, and Keppel Falls. The forest also acted as a water catchment point. The community had a big population of friendly people living together in harmony but later turned to be a community of mourning for the lost lives (Whittaker, Eriksen, Haynes. 2016). Background of the Issue The Black Saturday bushfire in Victoria occurred on February 7th, 2009. It has since remained in the record as one of the most destructive and horrific natural disasters that have ever witnessed in Australia. As reported by the Australian Fire Authority report, 592 bush and grass fires, as well as 263 structure fires, were reported in the black Saturday (Bryant et al. 2014). On that same day, the major fires in terms of significant damage or loss were at Kilmore East, Churchill, Delburn, Narre Warren, Redesdale, Horsham, Bendigo, and Bunyip among others (Whittaker, Eriksen, Haynes. 2016). In general, the fire destroyed and severely y damaged over 3400 homes in Victoria and burnt about 430,000 hectares of land. More tragically, 173 individuals lost their lives while many others were injured. As a result, those that survived had a drastic psychological experience due to the occurrence of the fire and the lives that were lost. The heat had increased to the extremes of 46 degrees Celsius which is believed to be the worst recorded temperatures in Australian history. Two months prior to the black Saturday the Victoria state was experiencing the worst drought ever characterized with little or no rainfall whatsoever. The relative speed of the wind then was 100km/hr. however, this was speed increased to 120km/hr. and such a mighty wind is believed to have caused the fires to merge in one huge fire that burned with great speed and velocity (Mannakkara Wilkinson, 2014). As a result, the incident led to the loss of life where more than 173 people died and 120 people out of this incident were reported to have died or killed by a single firestorm. It is also reported that over 2000 houses, as well as over 3500 other structures, were also destroyed. Many towns were reported to have been completely destroyed while others suffered serious damages. It is with such concerns that a committee was formed to address the recov ery phase of the incident. Issue after the bushfire After the black Saturday fire, many organizations such as the Salvation Army were on the site with the aim of providing meals and counseling the affected persons. There were also response teams that were coordinating material aid as well as offering immediate financial assistance to the individuals that were affected by the fire for purchasing the most urgent needs. With the high level of damages that were caused as a result of the fire, there was a need for financial grants and other basic human need materials (Hu Kapucu, 2016). After the initial response by different groups and agencies, there was a need for an active and continuous counseling process with the aim of working with the affected communities though the difficult recovery process. The affected population required financial, emotional, and material needs as well as building events, specialist supports, and activities that would help them through the process. Key principles in management of the recovery phase The management of the fire recovery phase can be achieved if the following principles as identified by the Emergency Management Committee established are puts into consideration. The principles emphasize on a shared disclosure to ensure effective communication as well as making sound decisions that enable the communities to cope and adjust to recovery. The principles include; Understanding the context;the recovery phase can be effective if only the context is understood by the management committee. This principle provides that only the disaster affected individuals, communities as well as the organizations involved are in a position to understand their own needs than agencies from any external experts or organizations. Therefore the agenices involved in recovery process should involve, interact and communicate with the community as well as the affected groups (Clode Elgar, 2014). Easing community lead approach; this approach ensures that the community is involved in the recovery phase of disaster. The principle is guided by the ideology that communities are in better position to understand what works best for them and also the fact that future effectiveness in disaster management will be as a result of capacity building in the society. If a community lead approach is done then the community will be in a position to manage such occurrences in future (Reid Beilin, 2014). Recognizing complexity; the recovery process is always complex and involves an extensive variety of individuals, groups and organizations. Effective recovery phase will therefore call for understanding the complexity of the process by all stakeholders and ensuring that everything works for the interest of all the involved groups (Whittaker et al. 2016). By doing so, it will be easy to achieve the goals of disaster recovery. Ensuring coordination of all activities;due to the complexity of the process of recovery, it is important that all activities are coordinated in line with the goals of disaster management. The efforts from different agencies and stakeholders including the disaster affected individuals and the community as well as the external experts should be coordinated and ensure that they collectively work for the greater good of all (Curnin et al. 2015). Employing effective communication; like any other project, the success of disaster management and recovery phase is influenced by the communication process. Since the process involves many stakeholders who may be having different views and opinions as well as approaches to provide solutions to remedy the situation, it is important for consultations, discussions and collective decision making to be made through communication (Howes et al. 2015). It is therefore that effective communication strategies are employed and utilized by all the stakeholders in the management of bushfires. Key strategies for effective management of the recovery It is important to note that risks can never be eliminated completely however effective strategies can be implemented to reduce the risk of occurrence as well as the impact of the bushfires. The strategies aim at achieving better bush fire risk management mechanism, having a safer community and property and strong local economies as well as having more resilient ecosystems (Mair et al. 2016). The most important strategy for effective management and recovery from bush fires is through the adoption of fuel management strategy. This strategy helps in the creation and development of fire management zones to reduce the residual risks of bushfires. The fire management zones help in defining the objectives for fuel management and include; the asset protection zone which provides localized protection to properties as well as infrastructure against potential radiant heat and ember attack in event of bush fires (Moritz et al. 2014). It also includes having a bushfire moderation zone where fuel is managed to reduce the spread and intensity of the bush fire. Lastly, there is landscape management zone where fuel is managed to reduce residual risk and improve ecosystems resilience. Another strategy employed in this case is the landscape fuel management strategy which aims at ensuring that residual risks to life and property are reduced and will not return to the pre-2010 levels due to its ability to re accumulate in forest burnt. The committee can still develop a fire operations planning strategy which in this case the plans are designed for each fire management districts and address factors such as public safety and access and cover fuel treatment on public land. It also ensures continuity of fuel management program (Mannakkara, 2014). Other strategies which can equally be employed in this case include; preventing of bush fires which can be achieved through prioritization of compliance activities, conducting community education and enforcing relevant laws. It can also be achieved by encouraging the community to share bush fire risk analysis information with the local governments for appropriate actions. The relevant agencies should always be prepared for bush fires in order to improve their response in event of fire occurrence and this should be done by having well-maintained roads and tracks for emergency purposes. Evaluation of effectiveness of recovery phase management The recovery phase management of the Victoria bush fires can be said to relatively allow for the effectiveness of the whole process of recovery. The first evaluation would be made on the ability of the recovery phase management initiative to focus on management and governance initiatives (Reid Beilin, 2015). It has successfully outlined how the different stakeholders and agencies can work together to reduce the impact of bushfires. This allows for effectiveness in the recovery phase since a recovery process is not an individual initiative but a collective effort of all the stakeholders and the agencies involved. However, it has failed to focus on the technical aspects of the recovery efforts (Mannakkara Wilkinson, 2014). The management should have looked at the technical aspects such as the length of the fences as well as the area of the bush under rehabilitation. It is also important to look at how the management has used different strategies to provide direction to the recovery phase. The recovery phase management of the Victoria bushfire has deployed effective strategies which give specific directions to the ongoing management of the bushfire incident (MeloZurita et al. 2015). Such directions help us as well as the agencies involved to have a clear sense of what is the main goal of the recovery phase management as well as be able to access or measure the success of the whole initiative. The use of guiding principles in guiding the recovery phase provides a benchmark for accessing the effectiveness of the process and therefore leads to the successful or effective implementation of the recovery phase. It is also important to note that the recovery phase incorporates the community in coming up with possible solutions to the problem and initiating measures which can be used to prevent future occurrence of bush fire(Paton et al. 2014). This initiative helps to bring the collective efforts of the agencies as well as the community and result to successful or effective bushfire recovery phase maintenance. Lastly, for any successful initiative, there must be laws and compliance regulations employed and this has been done effectively through incorporating the government of Australia which has helped in coming up with policies and in designing the strategies especially on the fuel maintenance zones. Conclusion Risk management plays a very important role in the success of a project or initiative. In this case, it acts as a measure of controlling and reducing the likelihood of occurrence of bushfires in Australian and especially to the affected Victoria state and its environments. The recovery phase management has therefore played a very vital role in restoring back the status of Victoria states and helps reconstruct the societal, individual and economic goals of the population (Blanchi et al. 2014). Most important is to note that these frameworks provided have not only provided solutions for the current situation but also provided a future platform for solving such emergencies before they bring great harm like it was the case of Victoria bush fire. However, there is a need to develop other measures which will help to solve the psychological issues still evident in todays generation in which many families were affected by the impact of the bushfire (Bryant et al. 2014). Climate control measu res should also be developed to minimize the effect of enhancing the environmental conditions which will enhance or increase the probability of such events happening. References Blanchi, R., Leonard, J., Haynes, K., Opie, K., James, M., de Oliveira, F. D. (2014). Environmental circumstances surrounding bushfire fatalities in Australia 19012011. Environmental Science Policy, 37, 192-203. Bryant, R. A., Waters, E., Gibbs, L., Gallagher, H. C., Pattison, P., Lusher, D., ...Sinnott, V. (2014). Psychological outcomes following the Victorian Black Saturday bushfires.Australian New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 48(7), 634-643. Choo, C. W., Nadarajah, I. (2014).Early warning information seeking in the 2009 Victorian Bushfires.Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 65(1), 84-97. Clode, D., Elgar, M. A. (2014). Fighting Fire with Fire: Does a Policy of Broad-Scale Prescribed Burning Improve Community Safety?.Society Natural Resources, 27(11), 1192-1199. Curnin, S., Owen, C., Paton, D., Brooks, B. (2015).A theoretical framework for negotiating the path of emergency management multi-agency coordination.Applied ergonomics, 47, 300-307. Mair, J., Ritchie, B. W., Walters, G. (2016). Towards a research agenda for post-disaster and post-crisis recovery strategies for tourist destinations: a narrative review. Current Issues in Tourism, 19(1), 1-26. Mannakkara, S. (2014).A framework for building back better during post-disaster reconstruction and recovery (Doctoral dissertation, ResearchSpace@ Auckland). Mannakkara, S., Wilkinson, S. (2014). Re-conceptualising Building Back Better to improve post-disaster recovery. International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, 7(3), 327-341. MeloZurita, M. D. L., Cook, B., Harms, L., March, A. (2015). Towards new disaster governance: Subsidiarity as a critical tool. Environmental Policy and Governance, 25(6), 386-398. Moritz, M. A., Batllori, E., Bradstock, R. A., Gill, A. M., Handmer, J., Hessburg, P. F., ...Syphard, A. D. (2014). Learning to coexist with wildfire. Nature, 515(7525), 58-66. Paton, D., Johnston, D., Mamula-Seadon, L., Kenney, C. M. (2014). Recovery and development: perspectives from New Zealand and Australia. In Disaster and development (pp. 255-272).Springer International Publishing. Paton, D., Johnston, D., Mamula-Seadon, L., Kenney, C. M. (2014). Recovery and development: perspectives from New Zealand and Australia. In Disaster and development (pp. 255-272).Springer International Publishing. Reid, K., Beilin, R. (2014). Where's the Fire? Co-Constructing bushfire in the everyday landscape.Society Natural Resources, 27(2), 140-154. Whittaker, J., Eriksen, C., Haynes, K. (2016).Gendered responses to the 2009 Black Saturday bushfires in Victoria, Australia.Geographical Research, 54(2), 203-215. Hu, Q., Kapucu, N. (2016).Information communication technology utilization for effective emergency management networks. Public Management Review, 18(3), 323-348. Mannakkara, S., Wilkinson, S. (2014). Re-conceptualising Building Back Better to improve post-disaster recovery. International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, 7(3), 327-341. Reid, K., Beilin, R. (2015).Making the landscape home: Narratives of bushfire and place in Australia.Geoforum, 58, 95-103. Howes, M., Tangney, P., Reis, K., Grant-Smith, D., Heazle, M., Bosomworth, K., Burton, P. (2015). Towards networked governance: improving interagency communication and collaboration for disaster risk management and climate change adaptation in Australia. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 58(5), 757-

INTRODUCTION Essays (892 words) - Clinical Psychology,

INTRODUCTION: By controlling the type of music that a person listened to I believed that the music would help to shape what animal a person perceived the music to best represent. Due to the large array of animals, I anticipated that I would need to classify the animals into two groups: carnivores and herbivores. In addition, I assumed that the group herbivore1 would be present in both groups. There are many different kinds of music in our society. Music affects many people's lives. This can be seen through people's clothes, appearance, and actions. Furthermore, the type of music a person listens to can effect their actions. At a rock concert, one would see people crowd surfing, moshing, and head banging. These three actions are both aggressive and powerful. On the other hand, at a symphony the spectators would sit back and enjoy the music, in a laid back and relaxed demeanor. Because of these two observations I came to the conclusion that when people listened to rock/heavy metal music, the animal that they associated with this type of music would be a predator, probably a carnivore.1 In addition, when people listened to the classical music, the animal that they thought of would be an animal that is preyed upon. Perhaps this animal would be a herbivore.2 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1Omnivores are a mixture of carnivores and herbivores. If one food supply runs low, that can turn to the other supply. 2Carnivore literally means the "eaters of flesh." This hunter requires a considerable ability to learn. Predators are crafty and are able to improve the techniques of ambushing, capturing and hunting. The carnivore is normally associated with being a powerful animal. 3Herbivores are animals that feed only on plants. METHODS: I administered this experiment on thirty people and they all participated in the experiment in my bedroom. I felt that this would be a quiet environment with as little distractions as possible. This was meant to stop the influence of any outside sources. At the beginning of the experiment, I told the person that they were to identify the first animal that came to mind while they were listening to the different types of music. None of the people in this experiment participated in my first experiment using inkblots and music. No one was aware of what type of music they would be listening to. Each person listened to two different kinds of music and was asked to associate an animal with each type of music. First, the person listened to classical music, Beethoven's "Requiem." They listened for two to three minutes and I turned off the music and asked them what animal they felt best represented the music that they just listened to. Then for about five minutes, I talked with the person to get their mind off the first type of music that they had just listened to. Next, the person listened to heavy metal music, Pantera's "Cemetery Gates," and the same procedure was followed. RESULTS: Each person was asked to identify one animal with each type of music. With people that listened to Pantera's "Cemetery Gates," the results were as follows: Lion8 Bear6 Tiger4 Shark4 Snake3 Alligators1 Barracuda1 Bat1 Elephant1 Spider1 In this study out of the 10 different groups of animals, 7 of the groups were carnivores, 1 of the groups was a herbivore, and 2 of the groups were omnivores. With the people that listened to Beethoven's "Requiem," the results were as follows: Butterflies8 Deer5 Dolphins5 Bunny4 Eagle1 Fox1 Giraffe1 Kangaroo1 Kitten1 Puppy1 Sparrow1 Squirrels1 In this study out of 12 different, 3 groups were carnivores, 7 of the groups were herbivores, and 2 of the groups were omnivores. DISCUSSIONS: I am a very stubborn person and I do not like to admit defeat or when I am wrong. This is why I did not change the type of music that I used in this experiment from the first experiment I performed, which I used inkblots and music together. I wanted to try to prove that the reason that my first experiment failed was the inkblots, not the type of music that I choose. Therefore, I am happy to say that this time my hypothesis and experiment was a success. I noticed something interesting in this experiment. After listening to Beethoven's "Requiem," eight people said butterfly. In my first experiment with inkblots, butterfly was the response of 15 out of the 40 people who

Industrial Pollution essays

Industrial Pollution essays There are all of types of pollution. Industrial pollution is the air, water, and chemical pollution caused by industries. There has always been pollution. Industrial pollution began when our country went through the Industrial Revolution. Most all parts of the world are affected in some way by industrial pollution. Big cities with steel mills, power plants, heating plants, or railroad stations feel the direct effects of industrial pollution. The smog, smell, and contamination of food or water are some direct effects. Remote areas of the world are affected indirectly by industrial pollution. Even though the people in these communities may not live near any factories, plants, etc. they still are affected. The air pollution caused by the industries can carry for many miles (World Book 338). In the 1700's and early 1800's coal powered most industries. The burning of coal fills the air with smoke and soot. Coal was a very efficient way of powering industries. It was also a big problem. The Industrial Revolution created lots of jobs for people. In fact, this period was characterized by the overcrowding of cities with factory workers. It also increases the products being made in the U.S. Steel, clothes, coal, power, heating are just a few of the luxuries gained by having these industries. Clothes industries have made the expense of clothes cheaper and the availability of clothes more widespread (World Book 338). The disadvantages of having industries are that it creates a lot of problems. In a press release on April 26, 1999 it states in the UK, "The poorest families (defined as household incomes of less than 5,000) are twice as likely to have a polluting factory in their immediate area as families with incomes of 60,000 or more (Pollution Hits the Poor Hardest n.p.). People's health is also at a great risk. In a press release on April 1, 2000 Mike Childs, Senior Campaign, at Friends of the Earth said, "Peo ...

Current Events-Native American Communites Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Current Events-Native American Communites - Essay Example This essay analyzes this auction as part of the enduring fights against modern forms of colonization. Evidently, Native Americans continue to be bullied in and displaced from their original lands, as some people use the law to violate existing treaties and rulings that give property rights to the former. History repeats itself, as the Lakotas fight for what is theirs because they are under siege from the same forces that ejected them from their lands more than five hundred years ago. In Chapter 2 â€Å"The Invasions of America† of the book First Peoples: A Documentary Survey of American Indian History, Calloway (2012) described the centuries of land grabbing and extermination that Native Americans endured, since Columbus first stepped on the New World. The European settlers created laws and waged wars that aimed to take away the lands from the natives. Up to now, the same strategy persists. The descendants of these settlers continue the practice of using the law to dispossess the natives of their lands. Black Hills is a sacred site that the United States government and its Supreme Court recognize as the property of the Lakota people. The Reynolds family, however, â€Å"owns† it too, and so they can do as they please with it. At present, the Lakota tribes are accumulati ng funds to buy at least Pe’ Sla, which is quite saddening, because they are raising so much money to buy land that belongs to them. Hence, even in the twenty-first century, the natives continue to battle the settlers, who want to take fundamental signifiers of their culture- their sacred ancestral lands. The century has turned but the fight against colonization continues. This time, no blades, cannons, and guns are used, and instead, property rights laws are used. The victims have the same faces, the faces of the native tribes of America. Black Hills is a sacred site. More than that, it belongs to the Lakota. They do not even use it to make money. They need it to

Gun Control and Crime Problem in the US Research Paper

Gun Control and Crime Problem in the US - Research Paper Example Gun control has always been a very debatable and a complex topic, law-abiding citizens are expected to follow the law but these days law has become a donkey on which the rich people ride. In several Asian countries people get away with gun crimes because of their influence and authority, there have been several cases in the US also wherein the guilty have gotten away with heinous crimes. There are many who just cannot handle firearms safely and it is quite obvious that firearms are not meant for those individuals. It is also a fact that firearms can be used for protection and guns can be useful provided they are in the hands of right individuals but it is very difficult to determine who is right and who is not became many a time the so called right people end up doing wrong things. This is exactly why this topic is very debatable and complex. Mental illness is also a very big factor when it comes to gun control, mentally ill people can easily go and purchase guns and run riot in the street, the very same happened in Norway a few months ago, a mentally ill person had easy access to firearms and the same resulted in a massacre. It is extremely important to place restrictions but this is something which is implausible, there are hardly any laws when it comes to purchasing a firearm, yes, one needs a license to obtain it but everyone these days is fully aware of the fact that licenses can easily be obtained by bribing officials and this is especially true in several Asian countries.

Finance Administrator Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Finance Administrator - Term Paper Example The Financial Resources, including both Governments sponsored programs as well as services offered by Not for Profit Organizations, to ensure that the uninsured patients are carefully treated consist of the following options for the Financial Administrator to select from: 1. Public Health Clinics: Government operated free or down scale clinics for uninsured and medical assistance patients. These often can provide free medication to their patients from their own pharmacies, and may provide lab and radiology services. 2. Medicare: Medicare is the medical insurance provided with social sanctuary. It is a separate program with slightly different eligibility criteria. It is available to retirees, their spouses, disabled workers who have been on social security. People with Medical Assistance get coverage from the state for uncovered expenses (if they are insured and get certain percentage of expenses from the insurance company) or all the expenses are recovered from State if the patient i s uninsured.3. Special Pharmaceutical Benefits Program: This program is designed to ensure that patients with highly deteriorating conditions or terminal diseases have access to the new treatments available at low rates or for free.

The Key Resources In Management Information System Information Technology Essay

The Key Resources In Management Information System Information Technology Essay Information is defined as a fact that has been processed and organized in to a meaningful knowledge. It is a message that were received and understood and a knowledge that acquired through study, experience and instruction. Information also can be identify as concept that has many meanings, from everyday usage to the technical settings. The concept of information is closely related to notions of constraint, control, data instruction, and knowledge. Information has its own value and it can be very valuable when it is delivered at the right time, the right place and to the right person that need it. For an example, an investor can use the information about current economy to invest in a profitable business. If they got the wrong information about the business as they invest in a company that is almost bankrupt and they didnt know about it, they might loss and lose their money. Next information also is a very valuable asset in business field because it can determined whether an organization will make profit or loss. This is because any confidential information related to a company can be used against if the information fall into the wrong hand such as their competitor. So, information can be so powerful. A valuable information have several characteristic. This characteristic can show how much value the information is. There is the example of a valuable informations characteristic: Accessible A valuable information can be easily access by the authorized users so that it can be obtained when it is needed. Accurate The information must be accurate because it it will be used to support decision maker. If the information is inaccurate, its also will cause a wrong decision making. Complete It is contained with all the important fact. This can support in decision making too. Flexible The information can be used for a variety purpose so it can be a multipurpose information Reliable The information come from a reliable rsource and can be trusted by user. Secure It is only can be accessed by an authorized user. Timely The information can be obtained when it is needed. Verifiable The information is confirmed by many sources. Information give a lot of advantages to the users. It can be used in a meaningful way needed by the users. The advantages of information include: Support decision making A useful information will support in the decision making made by the user. It will help with the accuracy of the information that can be used by the user to make a decision. For an example, a person can make a wise choice in buying a peanut butter from two different brand by knowing both of the products price.. A Guide for a better planning and control It can be a good guildliness for making activities or control a performance of a work. For an example, a certain rules and policy is made to be followed by a companys staff to maintain or increase their production. Enhance knowledge and skills The advantages of an information is it can enhance users skill and knowledge by provide an information such as tutorial, instruction and guidelines. For an example, a musician can enhance their skills by learn from a tutorial video from Youtube.com. Besides advantages, an information also have their disadvantages. It is: Information overload Too much information can be a problem for user because there are too many information that cannot be handled and the reliability and the accuracy is unknown. Overemphasize decision making Information can overemphasize users judgement in making their decision if it is too much of information. It also can disturb users rational in making their decision especially in a critical and pressure circumstances. Unanticipated effects The decision made by the user that based on an information may have an unpredictable result. For an example, a fisherman decide to go to the sea because the weather forecast said the day will be fine. But, on the day he go to the sea, it was unpredicted rain happen. Information technology Information technology can be defined as a study, design, development, implementation, support or management of computer-based information system, particularly software applications and computer hardware. Information technology also deals with the use of computer and computer software to securely convert, store, protect, process, transmit, input, output and retrieve information. In other words, Information Technology is a work that involve with electronic devices such as computer, hardware and software. Advantages of Information Technology: Globalization IT has brought the world closer together and allowed the worlds economy to become a single interdependent system. Thats mean, we can share any information quickly and efficiently and we also can reduce the barriers of linguistic and geographic boundaries among countries. Communication With information technology, communication has become cheaper, quickerade more efficient. Nowadays, we can communicate with anyone, anywhere in the world just by text message, e-mail, web chatting and video conferencing. Cost effectiveness IT has helped to computerize the business process thus streaming business and make them extremely cost effectivemoney making machine. This can increase the productivity and make profits. Bridging the cultural gap Information technology has helped to bridge the cultural gap by helping people from different cultures to communicate with one another, and allow for the exchange of views and ideas. More time IT has made it possible for businesses to be open 24 hours a week, all over the world and also allowed us to make purchases from different countries easier and it is convenient. Moreover, you can have your goods delivered right to your doorstep with having to move a single muscle by using IT such as E-commerce. Creation of new jobs the best advantage of information technology is it create a lot of new and interesting jobs. The example of the new job creation is like computer programmers, systems analyzers, hardware and software developers and also web designers. Disadvantages of Information Technology: Unemployment While information technology have streamlined the business process, it also has crated job redundancies, downsizing and outsourcing. Its means that a lot of lower and middle level jobs have been done by using technology such as computer and machine and its causing more people to become unemployed. Privacy Information technology may have made communication quicker, easier and more convenient. But it has also bought along privacy issues. From cell phone signal interceptions to email hacking, people are now worried about their private information becoming public knowledge. Lack of job security Industry experts believe that the internet has made job security as a big issue since technology keeps on changing with every day. It means that a person has to be in a constant learning mode to make sure their job is secure. Dominant culture Information technology may have made the world a global village, but it has also contributed to a culture dominating another week culture. For an example, we can see now that young teenagers all over the world has been influences by the west cultural such as their acting, dress up and behaviour. Their languages also have become overshadowed, when English becoming the primary mode of communication for business and everything else. People People also have their role in the management information system. People are needed to manage the information and the information technology. They can process the information in a way that the computers cannot do. This is because they have a different way of thinking by considering many element before making a decision. The role of people: Resercher People become a researcher when they read any information, process, and use it to find a solution for a problem. For an example, a scientist make a research to find a cure for H1N1 virus. Contributor People can contribute and share the information that they have for goods. They contribute may have been the most important thing to something that they are contributing to. For an example, a motivator share his knowledge about stress management to a companys staff. It is important for the staff because they can do their work without stress and this can increase their productivities. Founder People can be a founder by manipulating information and turn it into a new foundation. They process old information and come out with a new information. This is important because we need to update and advancing our knowledge and information. People also have their advantage and disadvantages. It is: Advantage Sharing information People can share and exchange their information with each other to enhance their knowledge. By knowledge sharing, one can improve they thinking way and lead to a positive decision making and also lead to a positive result. Manage information People can manage their information to a meaningful and creative way different from computers. People also know when and how to use the information according to the circumstances. Create information People can create new information by doing a research. They can come out with more useful information Analysis information People can analysis any infotmation instantly and wisely. This can help them to make a quick decision making. Disadvantages Misuse of information Misuse of information can happen when the information is used by people in a wrong way. For a example, people use the information in hand to cause problem such as a computer-intelligence use their expertise to scam people using online business. Leak of information Leak of information can happen when the people incharged is not doing their job or leak the information themselves. This happen a lot in business field when the business information of a company was leaked to their competitor. This cause the company loss their profits. So, from all of the 3 key resources above, it is decided that information is the most important key because it is the base for Information technology and people. Without information, IT will have no use and people cannot make a wise decision in their life. This is because without information, technology cannot develop by itself. They need to use information to create and develop any new technology. Information nowadays have its own price. For examples, a company is buying information from an outsourcing company to increase their productivity and also their profits. People also is buying information such as newspaper, magazine and educational books. Information also is very valuable when it comes to the right time, right place and to the right person. It can be use to assist in support decision making especially in an emergency situation . And for the least important between the 3 key resources is people. This is because people can make mistakes in using the information and that can cause a very big problem. Next, people is easy to influenced by other element such as emotion in making a decision. This can make them choose a wrong or inaccurate decision. Then, all the skill, experience, expertise, and knowledge that a person have, cannot be backup. If something happen such a death, the informations will lose. Problem that we have nowadays is not many people have a skills required by a company to hire them such as skills in computer-based and others. This will make the employer hard to hire them and it will cost them a lot more money to send the staff for training or take a course. So here, people are the least important element in managemt information system challenge.

Golda Meir Essay -- essays research papers fc

Golda Meir   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The state of Israel, established on May 14, 1948, had many great leaders that helped it to become a state. One of them was Golda Meir. Golda Meir was one of the most energetic and hardworking women in the world. Without her help, it is possible that Israel would have never survived as a state in an area surrounded by Arabs. With all of the hard work that Golda did for her country, she still had time for a family.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Golda Meir (born Golda Mabovich) was in my opinion one of the most energetic and hardworking women in the world. If she set out to do something, whether it was to wash her families clothes or to create a Jewish state in the land of Israel, the job was never left unfinished. As a child, she decided that she wanted there to be a Jewish state, where any Jew would not be refused citizenship. She spent her whole life working to achieve this goal and in 1948, her dreams came true.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After Israel became a state in 1948, there was constant fighting between the Israeli's and the Arabs. Without her help, The Israeli's would have possibly never survived as a state. In the beginning, Israel hardly had any weapons. Golda Meir once again decided she wanted to help Israel so she went to the United States and She went to other countries to try to help Israel out with this problem by raising money. In the US, she gave speeches at universities and she contacted the head governmen...

Book Review Template Essay

Summary: This can come from the book jacket or a website, but it must be concise and it must be cited. You may also choose to write your own summary; in which case you should briefly tell the reader what the story is about. Where and when does it take place? Who are the main characters? What kinds of problems they run into? My Review: Begin by explaining why you chose this book in the first place. Next, comment on the connections you discovered between the characters/people in the book and your own personal experiences (text to self), other characters or people you’ve read about or encountered in film or television (text to text), or people you’ve heard about in real life (text to world). Follow this with your opinion of the book. What did you like about it? Give an example (quote a passage) and explain why you liked this. Comment on what you did not like about the book. Give an example (quote a passage) and explain why you did not like this. (In commenting on what you did or didn’t like, consider writing about how well the author: brings characters or people to life, holds your interest in terms of telling the story, or utilizes language to paint a clear and interesting picture of the characters, the setting, and the action of the story.) Important note: Do NOT give away the story’s ending. Conclude with your recommendation for other readers. Do you recommend this book? Why and for whom? (Consider age, reading level, genre, and subject.) Rating: How many stars do you give this book on a scale of 1-5? Credentials: Describe your credentials as a reader. (Start by identifying your status as a student: class name and period, and school name.) Then, describe what kind of reader you are. (How often do you read? How much do you read? What kind of books or text types do you typically read for your  own purposes?)

Declaration of Independence

Declaration of Independence Declaration of Independence is a document that is most treasured in United State since it announced independence to American colonies which were at war with Great Britain. It was drafted by Thomas Jefferson back in July 1776 and contained formal explanation of the reason why the Congress had declared independence from Great Britain.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Declaration of Independence specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, the document marked the independence of the thirteen colonies of America, a condition which had caused revolutionary war. America celebrates its day of independence on 4th July, the day when the congress approved the Declaration for Independence (Becker, 2008). With that background in mind, this essay shall give an analysis of the key issues closely linked to the United States Declaration of Independence. As highlighted in the introductory part, there was the revolutionary war in the th irteen American colonies before the declaration for independence that had been going on for about a year. Immediately after the end of the Seven Years War, the relationship between American colonies and their mother country started to deteriorate. In addition, some acts which were established in order to increase tax revenue from the colonies ended up creating a tax dispute between the colonies and the Government (Fradin, 2006). The main reason why the Declaration for Independence was written was to declare the convictions of Americans especially towards their rights. The main aim was to declare the necessity for independence especially to the colonist as well as to state their view and position on the purpose of the government. In addition, apart from making their grievances known to King George III, they also wanted to influence other foreigners like the France to support them in their struggle towards independence. Most authors and historians believe that the main influence of Je fferson was the English Declaration of Rights that marked the end King James II Reign. As much as the influence of John Locke who was a political theorist from England is questioned, it is clear that he influenced the American Revolution a great deal. Although most historians criticize the Jefferson’s influence by some authors like Charles Hutcheson, it is clear that the philosophical content of the Declaration emanates from other philosophical writings. The self evident truths in the Declaration for Independence is that all men are created equal and do also have some rights which ought not to be with held at all costs. In addition, the document also illustrated that government is formed for the sole purpose of protecting those rights as it is formed by the people who it governs. Finally, if the government losses the consent, it then qualifies to be either replaced or abolished. Such truths are not only mandatory but they do not require any further emphasis. Therefore, being self evident means that each truth speaks on its own behalf and should not be denied at whichever circumstances (Zuckert, 1987). The main reason why they were named as self evident was to influence the colonists to see the reality in the whole issue. Jefferson based his argument from on the theory of natural rights as illustrated by John Locke who argued that people have got rights which are not influenced by laws in the society (Tuckness, 2010).Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More One of the truths in the Declaration for Independence is the inalienable rights which are either individual or collective. Such rights are inclusive of right to liberty, life and pursuit of happiness. Unalienable rights means rights which cannot be denied since they are given by God. In addition, such rights cannot even be sold or lost at whichever circumstance. Apart from individual rights, there ar e also collective rights like the right of people to chose the right government and also to abolish it incase it fails achieve its main goal. The inalienable goals are based on the law of nature as well as on the nature’s God as illustrated in the John Locke’s philosophy. It is upon the government to recognize that individuals are entitled to unalienable rights which are bestowed by God. Although the rights are not established by the civil government, it has a great role to ensure that people are able to express such laws in the constitution (Morgan, 2010). Explaining the purpose of the government was the major intent of the Declaration for Independent. The document explains explicitly that the main purpose is not only to secure but also to protect the rights of the people from individual and life events that threaten them. However, it is important to note that the government gets its power from the people it rules or governs. The purpose of the government of protectin g the God given rights of the people impacts the decision making process in several ways. To begin with, the government has to consider the views of the people before making major decisions failure to which it may be considered unworthy and be replaced. Therefore, the decision making process becomes quite complex as several positions must be taken in to consideration. The declaration identifies clearly the conditions under which the government can be abolished or replaced. For example, studies of Revolutionary War and Beyond, states that â€Å"any form of government becomes destructive of these ends; it is the right of the people, to alter or abolish it and institute a new government† (par. 62010). Therefore, document illustrated that the colonists were justified to reject or abolish the British rule. The declaration was very significant especially due to the fact that it illustrated explicitly the conditions which were present in America by the time it was being made. For ex ample, one of the key grievances of the thirteen colonies was concerning the issue of slave trade. The issue of abolishing slavery was put in the first draft of the declaration for independent although it was scrapped off later since the southern states were against the abolishment of slave trade. Another issue which was illustrated in the declaration was the fact that the king denied the colonists the power to elect their representatives in the legislatures. While the colonists believed that they had the right to choose the government to govern them, in the British government, it was the duty of the King to do so.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Declaration of Independence specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Attaining land and migrating to America was the right of colonists to liberty and since the King had made it extremely difficult for the colonists to do so; the Declaration was very significant in addressing such grievances. There are many more problems that were present that were addressed by the Declaration as it was its purpose to do so. References Becker, C. L. (2008). The Declaration of Independence: A Study in the History of Political Ideas. Illinois: BiblioBazaar, LLC . Fradin, D. B. (2006). The Declaration of Independence. New York : Marshall Cavendish. Morgan, K. L. (2010). The Declaration of Independence, Equality and Unalienable Rights. Web. Revolutionary War and Beyond. (2010). The Purpose of the Declaration of Independence. Web. Tuckness, A. (2010). Lockes Political Philosophy. Web. Zuckert, M. P. (1987). Self-Evident Truth and the Declaration of Independence. The Review of Politics , 49 (3), 319-339.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More

Analysis of Strategy Essays

Analysis of Strategy Essays Analysis of Strategy Essay Analysis of Strategy Essay Jim’s Services was started from the emotions of Jim’s heart as apposed to the objectivity of his head. Jim did not adequately analyze and examine the market environment, the target market, the competition, and the market share he planned to enter. Jim used the, â€Å"fallacy of prediction† as his reasoning for starting Jim’s Services. His strategy did not identify all of the elements of the market environment, its activity and how it is driven. Jim did not have a clearly defined mission nor did he conduct an efficient environmental scan of the market. He identified the population size and the changes in that size during changes in season, however he failed to conduct a thorough systematic analysis of the target market and Mr. Bullard’s Services. Mr. Bullard had an established customer base and reputation that gave him a competitive advantage over Jim’s Services. Jim’s Services didn’t offer any distinct capabilities except for the fact that he could be available with little notice. This is only attributed to the fact that he didn’t have a large customer base. Jim failed to efficiently identify all of his strengths and weaknesses and match them with his opportunities and threats. Jim did not reach his broad goal of a $65,000 salary because he did not evaluate his environment, or formulate a specific strategy to reach his goal. Jim devised a broad goal of $65,000, however he failed to identify a specific strategy of how he would reach this goal. If Jim still wants to have Jim’s Services in the Petoskey area than he should differentiate himself from Mr. Bullard by offering services Mr. Bullard does not offer. References:

Statehood Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Statehood - Essay Example According to the paper the criterion listed above that the states must have the capacity to enter into relations with other States, appears to imply that the State must be recognized by other States before it can exist as a political entity. But this is belied in Article 3 of the Montevideo Convention, which clearly states that â€Å"the political existence of the State is independent of recognition by the other States. According to Crawford, statehood and recognition must be separated as two distinct categories, for example, Israel was not recognized by many of its neighboring Arab States, but it has existed as a State nevertheless. According to Cassese, it is effectiveness that is at the core of all legal relations and the Community of States has not thus far defined binding legitimate criteria for new States; on this basis recognition is not the relevant criterion which will determine statehood. However, with the end of the Second World War and the development of the UN Charter,8 international law has been redefined. According to Article 4.1 of the UN Charter, membership in the United Nations is open to â€Å"all other peace loving states† thereby implying that only a State will be recognized by the collective world body, i.e, the United Nations. Moreover, this article specifies certain conditions for membership; they must be (a) peace loving (b) accept the obligations of the present Charter and (c) must be willing to carry out these obligations.

5 Year E-Mini Bundle Futures of Eurodollar Contracts Essay - 1

5 Year E-Mini Bundle Futures of Eurodollar Contracts - Essay Example This pack allows transaction of the monetary equivalent of 20 quarterly Euro Dollar terminations in a single contract. Through Eurodollar contract, organizations can get the following benefits: Â  Limits of arbitrage are usually seen as one of two building blocks needed to clarify irregularities. The presence of price limits and margin necessities on a futures contract are usually disregarded in the assessment and arbitrage settings. There are several limitations in the price of futures contracts and it is ensured by future arbitrage. The existence of price limits helps to minimize the instability of prices by defending organizations against market overreaction. However, price limit can also make future contracts less liquid. Future arbitrage makes future contracts more valuable. Arbitrage generates a strong connection among the futures and commercial values (New York University, n.d.). Â  Limit of arbitrage is significant for behavioral descriptions of irregularities and wider revision of asset valuation. Limit of future arbitrage is a portion of finance plan to clarify variances based on investors’ emotional prejudices. Arbitrageurs can face the following price limitations: Â  The interest rate swap is a derivative to interchange interest rate for accomplishing lesser borrowing rates. Swap players can change interest rate from static to floating and vice versa. Swapping is beneficial when one player desires to get an amount with a floating interest rate while other player wishes for preventing future risks by getting a static interest rate in its place. In swapping, both players have their own primaries.

Retirement Planning Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Retirement Planning - Assignment Example The purpose of this paper is to discuss the different investment alternatives that I can use to develop a solid retirement plan. The biggest investment that people have is their homes. Despite the falling real estate market that occurred as a consequence of the recession of 2008 homes historically gain a lot of value over time. In 2012 the value of homes in America rose by 5.9% (Humphries, 2013). Buying a home is the first step towards financial independence. People that pay rent are throwing their money in the trash. An advantage of purchasing a home is that the interests from the mortgage on your first home are tax deductible. A good way to create wealth is by purchasing additional homes for rental. The rent typically pays for the majority of the mortgage. Upon retirement age a person can sell their second house to obtain a large sum of money. One of the best places for people to invest money towards their retirement is the stock market. The biggest stock exchange in the world is t he New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). The most common investment instruments sold in the stock market are common stocks. A common stock is a security that represents ownership in a corporation (Investopedia, 2013). Owners of common stocks have voting rights. People can earn money from common stocks from equity appreciation and payment of dividends. The price of common stocks fluctuates every day. The average annual return on common stocks is 9.4% (Observationandnotes, 2009). One of best type of stocks to invest in is blue chip stocks. Blue chip stocks are stocks issued by a well know company with an established record of making money and paying dividends (Teweles, Bradley, Teweles, 1992). Three examples of blue chip stocks are Microsoft, McDonald’s, and Dell. Two types of stocks that have higher risks are foreign stocks and penny stocks. The average return of foreign stocks is 15%, but the standard deviation on the return is much higher (Ahl, 2004). Risk adverse investors should stay away from these types of equity instruments particularly penny stocks. Another type of stock that investors are often attracted too is preferred stocks. The difference between a common stock and preferred stock is that preferred stocks do not have voting rights, but dividends are guaranteed. It is important for investors to compile a diversified portfolio. Diversification can help investors lower their overall portfolio risk. The money market is another option for investors that are looking to save money towards retirement age. The money market is a financial market in which funds are borrowed or lend for short periods as distinguished from the capital market for long term funds (Teweles, et al., 1992). The best and most common money market instrument is treasury bills. Treasury bills are 90 day loans that the federal government sells to investors. The best attribute of a treasury bill is that it is a risk free investment. The federal government has never defaulted on its obli gations. The federal government also sells debt instruments that mature in six and twelve months. Another popular debt instrument is bonds. A bond is a long term loan that investors give to a governmental agency or a private institution. Bonds sold by corporations are often referred too as commercial paper. An investor that invests in a bond obtains interest known as the coupon rate. Once a

V for Vendetta Essay Example for Free

V for Vendetta Essay V for Vendetta sets the Gunpowder Plot as Vs historical inspiration, contributing to his choice of timing, language and appearance For example, the names Rookwood, Percy and Keyes are used in the film, which are also the names of three of the Gunpowder conspirators. The film creates parallels to Alexandre Dumas The Count of Monte Cristo, by drawing direct comparisons between V and Edmond Dantes. (In both stories, the hero escapes an unjust and traumatic imprisonment and spends decades preparing to take vengeance on his oppressors under a new persona. The film is also explicit in portraying V as the embodiment of an idea rather than an individual through Vs dialogue and by depicting him without a past, identity or face. According to the official website, Vs use of the Guy Fawkes mask and persona functions as both practical and symbolic elements of the story. He wears the mask to hide his physical scars, and in obscuring his identity – he becomes the idea itself. As noted by several critics and commentators, the films story and style mirrors elements from Gaston Lerouxs The Phantom of the Opera. V and the Phantom both wear masks to hide their disfigurements, control others through the leverage of their imaginations, have tragic pasts, and are motivated by revenge. V and Eveys relationship also parallels many of the romantic elements of The Phantom of the Opera, where the masked Phantom takes Christine Daae to his subterranean lair to re-educate her. As a film about the struggle between freedom and the state, V for Vendetta takes imagery from many classic totalitarian icons both real and fictional, including the Third Reich and George Orwells Nineteen Eighty-Four. For example, Adam Sutler primarily appears on large video screens and on portraits in peoples homes, both common features among modern totalitarian regimes and reminiscent of the image of Big Brother. In another reference to Orwells novel, the slogan Strength through Unity. Unity through Faith is displayed prominently across London, similar in cadence to War is Peace. Freedom is Slavery. Ignorance is Strength in Orwells book. This connection between the two can also be seen when Evey is being tortured and finds the rat in her room, akin to that being the protagonists worst fear in Nineteen Eighty-Four. There is also the states use of mass surveillance, such as closed-circuit television, on its citizens. Valerie was sent to a detention facility for being a lesbian and then had medical experiments performed on her, reminiscent of persecution of gays and Jews in Nazi Germany (see Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany and the Holocaust). The name of Adam Sutler is inspired by the name of Adolf Hitler. Sutlers hysterical speech is also inspired from Hitlers style of speech although his targets for persecution now include Muslims rather than Jews. Norsefire has replaced St Georges Cross with a national symbol similar to the modern Cross of Lorraine (both crossbars near the top). This was a symbol used by Free French Forces during World War II, as it was a traditional symbol of French patriotism that could be used as an answer to the Nazis swastika. The letter V and the number 5 Voila! In view, a humble vaudevillian veteran, cast vicariously as both victim and villain by the vicissitudes of fate. This visage – no mere veneer of vanity – is a vestige of the vox populi, now vacant, vanished. However, this valourous visitation of a bygone vexation stands vivified, and has vowed to vanquish these venal and virulent vermin vanguarding vice and vouchsafing the violently vicious and voracious violation of volition! The only verdict is vengeance; a vendetta held as a votive, not in vain, for the value and veracity of such shall one-day vindicate the vigilant and the virtuous. Verily, this vichyssoise of verbiage veers most verbose, so let me simply add that its my very good honour to meet you and you may call me V. — Vs introductory monologue upon meeting Evey Similarly to the graphic novel, there is repeated reference to the letter V and the number five throughout the film (note V is the Roman numeral five). For example, Vs introduction to Evey is a monologue containing 48 words beginning with the letter V, and containing a total of 52 letter Vs. When Evey tells V her name he repeats it slowly as E V. In Eveys name, the letter E is the fifth letter of the alphabet, V is the fifth letter from the end of the alphabet and is the Roman numeral for five, and the letter Y is the 25th letter of the alphabet; 25 being 5 squared. In Latin, Eveys phonetic name means exit V; the character V acknowledges this, knowing that this event has begun the chain-reaction of events which will end in his demise. During his imprisonment at Larkhill, V was held in cell V, as is Evey during her fake imprisonment. Vs Zorro-like signature is also the letter V. In the explosion involving the Old Bailey, the fireworks form a red V configuration, completed by a circular firework, thus resembling not only V but the V for Vendetta logo. It is revealed that Vs favourite phrase is By the power of truth, I, while living, have conquered the universe, which according to the film translates into the 5 Ved Latin phrase: Vi Veri Vniversum Vivus Vici. (Vniversum is actually written with a U, but in old Latin, the letter U was written as a V. ) In a dance with Evey, the song V chooses is number five on his jukebox. In fact, all the songs are song number five. When V confronts Creedy in his greenhouse, he plays Beethovens Fifth Symphony, whose opening notes have a rhythmic pattern that resembles the letter V in Morse code (†¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œ). The films title itself is a reference to V for Victory. As V waits for night to fall, he arranges a complex domino pattern in black and red which forms the V logo. In the short sequence overlooking the train carriages, the railway tracks form the letter V. In a flyover shot of London towards the end of the film, Big Ben is shown, with its hour hand pointing at 11 and the minute hand at 1, forming a V shape. When the time is read, it shows 11:05, another reference 11–5, or November 5. In the battle with Creedy and his men at Victoria station, he uses five of his six daggers and forms a V with his daggers just before he throws them. As V throws two of his daggers at the men on either side of Creedy, the daggers form a V shape five times while spinning through the air. After V kills Creedys men, Creedy fires five shots at V. After the battle, when V is mortally wounded, he leaves a V signature in his own blood. The destruction of Parliament results in a display of fireworks which form the letter V, which is also an inverted Circle-A, a symbol commonly used by anarchists. Modern fears of totalitarianism We felt the novel was very prescient to how the political climate is at the moment. It really showed what can happen when society is ruled by government, rather than the government being run as a voice of the people. I dont think its such a big leap to say that things like that can happen when leaders stop listening to the people. —James McTeigue, Director With the intention of modernising the film, the filmmakers added topical references relevant to a modern 2006 audience. According to the Los Angeles Times, With a wealth of new, real-life parallels to draw from in the areas of government surveillance, torture, fear mongering and media manipulation, not to mention corporate corruption and religious hypocrisy, you cant really blame the filmmakers for having a field day referencing current events. There are also references to an avian flu pandemic, as well as pervasive use of biometric identification and signal-intelligence gathering and analysis by the regime. Many film critics, political commentators and other members of the media have also noted the films numerous references to events surrounding the then-current George W. Bush administration in the United States. These include the black bags worn by the prisoners in Larkhill that have been seen as a reference to the black bags worn by prisoners at the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq and in U. S. -administered Guantanamo Bay in Cuba, though the pre-The Matrix draft of the screenplay also contains this reference to black bags. Also London is under a yellow-coded curfew alert, similar to the U. S. overnments color-coded Homeland Security Advisory System. One of the forbidden items in Gordons secret basement is a protest poster with a mixed U. S. –U. K. flag with a swastika and the title Coalition of the Willing, To Power which combines the Coalition of the Willing with Friedrich Nietzsches concept of Will to Power. As well, there is use of the term rendition in the film, in reference to the way the regime removes undesirables from society. There is even a brief scene (during the Valerie flashback) that contains real-life footage of an anti-Iraq War demonstration, with mention of U. S. President George W. Bush. Finally, the film contains references to Americas war and the war America started as well as real footage from the Iraq War. The film also makes a brief reference to wars in Kurdistan, Syria and Sudan. Despite the America-specific references, the filmmakers have always referred to the film as adding dialogue to a set of issues much broader than the U. S. administration. When James McTeigue was asked whether or not BTN was based on Fox News Channel, McTeigue replied, Yes. But not just Fox. Everyone is complicit in this kind of stuff. It could just as well been the Britains Sky News Channel, also a part of News Corp.

Woolworths Australia History

Woolworths Australia History Woolworths has the biggest supermarket chain in Australia and is owned by the Woolworths Limited. Woolworths Limited was established in 1924 with the initial store opening in Sydneys Imperial Arcade. Its opening advertisement claimed that every city required the Woolworths and thus everybody needed a handy place where good things were cheap (Karen Plunkett-Powell, 2001). Woolworths was founded by Stanley Edward Chatterton, Harold Percival Christmas, Ernest Robert Williams, George William Percival Creed and Cecil Scott Waine. Stanley Chatterton and Percy Christmas had opened the first floor Frock Salon in Queen Victoria Markets currently the Queen Victoria Building at the corner of George and Market streets in Sydney (Collier and Evans, 2010). Formation of Woolworths limited It was obvious in 1924 the premises of S.E. Chatterton were small steered to opening of another branch. Formation of the new company (Woolworths limited) incorporated with the nominal capital of 25,000 shares each. The once proposed Woolworths Bazaar seemed cumbersome and on 22nd September in 1924, the company got registered as Woolworths limited after realization that the overseas Woolworths Company has no agenda to open in Australia. It had the following founding directors: S.E. Chatterton, H.P. Christmas, C. Scott Waine, E.R. Williams and G.W.P. Creed as the nearest advisers (Karen Plunkett-Powell, 2001). There were 15,000 shares which were given to public though there was small confidence in the business enterprise. Only 11,707 shares got subscribed by 29 people mostly the friends of promoters. Despite the mode, it was decided to go on and open soonest possible. The store was an instantaneous success and in its initial year the company remunerated a dividend of 5%, 40% in the second year and 50% in its third year (Collier and Evans, 2010). The policy of the founders to sell good in popular demand on cash and carry basis had been maintained (Peter Schulz, 1982). Woolies before Transition Retail environment in Australia Over the last 50 years, the Australia enjoyed fine business environment with increased population with the shopping centre developers becoming some of the leading in the world. The country enjoys fine weather all the year round, apart from having many of open air shopping centers. The usually encompassed centers have also an outdoor component with enclosed air conditioned areas which offer the respite from summer heat in warmer states. Evolution of supermarkets came with huge impact on Australias retail landscape. Riding on the strength of supermarkets retailing, Woolworths were at the time prepared on their way to become the biggest largest retailers. The Woolworths and Cols have currently neared 10% of the total Australian retail sales. As the retail sector in Australia has grown, it has also remained flexible and strategic to cope with micro and macro economic challenges, consumer trends, technological advances, new retail formats, consumer trends, globalization, rising retail rents, and increasing competition. Warehousing At first the Sydney Bulk Store was built on the two floors above Oxford Street store in 1929 though the space was outgrown quickly and in 1933 the three floors of the nearby Wentworth Avenue warehouse got taken over. The 20,000 sq ft seemed enough for the foreseeable future though it was outgrown within two years. This lead into purchase of 1 acre site at Pyrmont and 100,000 sq ft warehouse establishment opening as Sydbulk in 1936. Within the two years of growth, the space was outgrown as now Woolworths had 71 stores bulk and trading buying was the significant part to supply the best prices to customers. A novel bigger site was obtained at Glebe and in 1940 a modern warehouse of 262,000 sq ft was opened. Simultaneously, the Sydprint which was initiated in 1934 as the silk screen department in Majestys store moved likewise into Glebe warehouse (Karen Plunkett-Powell , 2001). The availability of enough warehousing was short lived and the influx of troops in the World War II created a space at the premium and in 1942 the Woolworths managed to bargain for smaller area in the attempt of taking the Glebe Warehouse as 100,000 was fenced for Americans. The World War II had brought the companys growth into termination. Many Woolworths men and women joined into military services which made it difficult for the company get its stock and staff (Karen Plunkett-Powell, 2001). The company saw a big change in its top management in 1940 with the appointment of Mr. Theo Kelly as the General Manager preceding Mr. H.P. Christmas then in office after the company sought the relief solution from increasingly arduous duties. Mr. Kelly who had joined Woolworths in 1928, its dedication interest in stock control issues led into his appointment as the Warehouse Manager two years later (Peter Schulz, 1982). Mr. Kelly was transferred to New Zealand in 1931 as the general manager and after three years he was appointed as the Director of Woolworths NZ. He took leave from position of General Manager to serve in RAAF for a few years and then got appointed into the board on his return. In 1945, Mr. Christmas retired as the managing director which led Kelly to be appointed as the successor at age 37. Mr. Christmas retained his Board position though on his oversees trip he suddenly died at Bordeaux in France. His position on Board was taken by Mr. Cedric Hart who joined the company in 1928 as the Queensland Accountant and got appointed as Secretary at the Head Office, Sydney in 1929. Post-War Expansion The termination of war brings the duty of rehabilitating the returned service personnel and the depleted warehouses and stores. The first post-war store was commenced at Brankstown, Sydney in 1948 and other stores quickly enhanced. In 1954, the Woolworths purchased the Majestys building for $ 2,200,000, Australian record price for one piece of the real estate and in 1955 the Woolworths opened the 200th store in Civic Centre, Canberra (Collier and Evans, 2010). Woolworths continued to grow in New Zealand to acquire 10 McDuffs stores by 1951 and in 1955 there were already 50 Woolworths stores established in New Zealand. In 1956 the company commenced its staff Journal which soon came to be called the Woolies News and circulated to all the states and stores to keep the Woolies family updated on the activities of rapidly expanding company (Karen Plunkett-Powell , 2001). Woolies Transition Woolworths limited continued to develop and in 1929 it saw its establishment in the London Buying Office (Australasian Chain Stores Ltd) and its related company in New Zealand, the Woolworths Zealand ltd whose initial store opened at Cuba Street in Wellington in 1929. By the ending of 1933, Woolworths limited had grown into 23 branches in Australia and 8 branches in New Zealand. The initial Victorian store was opened at Bourke Street in Melbourne in 1933. On the proceeding year, the former Bargain Basement Imperial Arcade in Sydney was closed after the company got the lease of her closest Majestys Theatre (Karen Plunkett-Powell , 2001). Following the considerable internal reconstruction, her new Majestys branch at Market and Pitt Street became the Woolworths major Sydney store which opened on 1934. In 1938, another new company was built to control the freehold properties of Woolworths properties ltd, Woolworths freehold properties and in 1942 the companys initial architect was selected. Woolworths had consistent advertisers in daily newspapers from beginning. In 1937, the company decided to utilize the comparatively new medium of radio sponsoring; the evening program referred to as Rhythm Round-up aired in station 2GB in Sydney (Collier and Evans, 2010). The Woolworths appeal for almost unfamiliar before breakfast resulted in Jack Davey to get its initial peak-time break in the show business and became one of the Sydneys principal personalities (Karen Plunkett-Powell , 2001). In 1981, the construction began on novel 74,000 sq metre warehouse complex on a land of 13 hectares at Yennora at the approximate cost of $20 million. The Yennora Distribution Cntre opened in 1983 and became the companys initial computerized Food warehouse. The second computerized Food Warehouse was established at the Acacia Ridge, Qld in 1983 and the novel meat processing plant at Wacol, Brisbane stated its production in July. In 1985, acquisition of 126 Australian Safeway Stores brought Woolworths to be the biggest food retailer in Australia. The Safeway Stores were located in Queensland and Victoria, New South Wales and involved the Northern New South Wales and Food Barns in Queensland. The stores got acquired following the agreement in which the Safeway Inc received 19.99% interest in Woolworths Limited (Peter Schulz, 1982). This led into Mr. J.W.R, the managing director and chairman of Australian Safeway stores, and Mr. P.A. Magowan, the chief executive officer and chairman of the Safeway stores Inc, USA got appointed into the Woolworths Board (Karen Plunkett-Powell, 2001). Currently the Food Store Chain included Philip Leong, Flemings (NSW), BCC, Food for Less (QLD), BCC, Fabulous (SA), Nancarrows (Vic), and Food Fair (WA) and it was concluded that from 1986 the businesses would operate as Food and Wholesaling Unit based at Mascot, Flemings, and Sydney. Woolworths also enhanced into franchising with the passing of Clancys franchises from the testing stage and 12 Clancy stores which operated in New South Wales. On January of 1985, acquisition of 50% for issued capital of Chandlers, Australia got pronounced. Chandler operated the chain of 59 electrical retail stores in Northern New South Wales and Queensland while in April the initial Dick Smith store was established in San Francisco, United States (Collier and Evans, 2010). In 1985, the minute group of 12 Homemaker stores was terminated. These stores were initially established in 1973 with stores in Jesmond in NSW and Bankstown Square, which involved a wide range of furniture, white goods and furnishings. On November, the IEL advised the unconditional offer to all shares in Woolworths Limited at the price of $3.65 cash per share. On December, the chairman for Woolworths declared the Woolworths directors had agreed on IEL offer to get the Woolworths shares. In 1989, the IEL had acquired 98.4% of shares in Woolworths and went on with compulsory acquisition of remaining Woolworths share (Collier and Evans, 2010). Woolworths became fully owned subsidiary of IEL at the cost of $ 850 million and on 31st of May, the Woolworths Limited shares got delisted and the company never appeared on Stock Exchange Boards after being listed for 65 years (Peter Schulz, 1982). The Woolworths limited stores had not been given attention until the premises offer on the highly advantageous terms which resulted in Woolworths opening at the store in Queen Street, Brisbane in 1927. On the preceding year, the company opened a store at 370 Pitt Street, second in Brisbane in the Valley and initial in Western Australia at the Hay Street, Perth (Peter Schulz, 1982). Cost and Benefits On October in 1964, the Woolworths opened its initial entirely sponsored and established the regional shopping centre (Jesmond Centre), near Newcastle, NSW. The 12 acre $2 million project involved the Woolworths initial BIG W department store, extensive car parking and specialty shops. In the preceding year the company opened the second BIG W department store at Chatswood. In 1964 Woolworths celebrated its 30th anniversary for its total retail sales which totaled $250 million setting the record for Australian retailer. It saw the building of laboratory of food testing at Perishables Warehouse in Auburn hence launching the company on the Quality Assurance Program which became one of the biggest and most comprehensive in retail industry in Australia (Karen Plunkett-Powell , 2001). In October 1965, Woolworths opened the second regional shopping centre at Newcastle in New South Wales. The $4 million establishment was referred as Kotara and in August 1966 was preceded by a drive-in shopping centre at the Liverpool nearby Sydney. And in November 1968, the Rock-hampton (Central Queensland) got its initial drive in the shopping centre when the Woolworths started the Northside Plaza (Karen Plunkett-Powell , 2001). On the proceeding year, Sundale on Queenslands Gold Coast was established on March and the fifth drive-in shopping centre got entirely expanded by Woolworths. Also the $71/2 million regional shopping centre on a 13 acre site comprising 50 shops was flagged as one of the developed designs in Australia by the time (Karen Plunkett-Powell, 2001). The drive-in supermarkets greatly spread as Warrawong Regional Centre in the nearby Port Kembla, and New South Wales opened in 1969. Woolworths drive-ins opened its seventh shopping centre south of Warrawong at Warilla Grove with Woolworths supermarket and other 20 specialty stores (Peter Schulz, 1982). Woolworths formed an export division in 1963 as Woolworths registered in Malaysia, Thailand Philippines and Hong Kong. In May 1965, the Woolworths Limited in Malaysia acquired the management interest in Fitzpatricks Food Suppliers, the Far East Limited, which is one of the Leading Singapores retail, agency and wholesale organizations. This was consequently sold in 1970. In 1965 Woolworths had the significant events of acquiring the long-term lease in Bebarfalds building the famous Sydney landmark at the corner of Park and George streets opposite Sydney Town Hall. In 1978, the board agreed the offer from LD Nathan and Co Ltd, from New Zealand to buy the Woolworths 40% interest in Woolworths (NZ) ltd. The company had the net gain due to transaction of $2,016,000 and 1,887,844 shares in Co.Ltd and LD Nathan which represented the 15% interest in the company (Peter Schulz, 1982). In 1979 Woolworths shares in LD Nathan plus Company Limited got sold to the New Zealand institutions bringing into an end the association which extended over half century. Woolworths established their initial New Zealand store in Cuba Street, Wellington in 1929 and lastly got 98 stores in New Zealand. In the marketing style changes of the Woolworths first self-service, a variety store was started at Beverly Hills, in a Sydney suburb on October, 1955. In the similar concept in retail trading overseas, especially in America, customers no longer waited to be catered for but serviced themselves to the items they required to pay at the checkouts as they moved out of the store (Peter Schulz, 1982). In 1983, the company made the year sales of $3,243,701,000 and the net profit of $56,965,000 after taxing. To recognize the companys 60th anniversary, the directors issued for bonus issue of shares made to all shareholders in the proportion of 1 to 10. The dividend reinvestment plan was pronounced and became operating in 1984 last dividend. In the year, 10 small stores in north of Western Australia got acquired from Elders IXL. The acquisition brought Woolies into a sole rich Pilbara region of north Western Australia for initial time and into the total number of 793. The concept was successful and the second self-service store got opened in Carnegie, in Melbourne the preceding year. In this whole period, the company experimented with small food sections in the rear parts of its variety stores including the Burswood, Punchbowl, Dee Why and Campsie (Karen Plunkett-Powell, 2001). The grocery range was limited though it included delicatessen items, fresh vegetables and packaged fresh meat sold in refrigerated cabinets. The variety sectors were serviced while the food sections were on self-service basis and had their own checkouts in the middle of the store. In May 1958, the company enhanced his fewer food outlets by acquisition of other 32 BCC (Stores food markets) in Queensland. The quick expansion enabled Woolworths to open its 300ths store in Wentworthville in December 1959. 1960 was the momentous year as Woolworths continued to proceed into the food sector to acquire John Wills supermarket chain which consisted of nine stores in Western Australia (Collier and Evans, 2010). With enhanced expertise in food marketing, the Woolworths planned for a series of comprehensive supermarkets, self selection stores, giving a variety of goods and range of food under one roof, with nearby parking space to meet the needs of fast growing population of car owners (Peter Schulz, 1982). The first Woolworths supermarket was opened at Warrawong, New South Wales in 1960 and was a great success which the other stores planned on drawing board reviewed to allow for full growth of the entire sites. In November and December of the same year, supermarkets got opened at Seven Hills, Berala, St. Ives, and Fairfield Heights, New South Wales, Margate and Coorparoo in Queensland and Elizabeth in South Australia. Acquisition for the 55 store Flemings food Chain in June and 57 New South Wales stores At McIraiths in November enhanced Woolworths food marketing. Woolworths became the initial retailer to function widely in Australia in 1960 when it bought the Northern Territory business for Centralian Traders Pty Ltd, in Alice Springs and Woolies were brought in the centre of the continent as Darwin followed in 1962. Following the massive expansion, the Glebe warehouse became a bit small and the existing stock-handling techniques too cumbersome. By the beginning of 1960, a new eighteen acre distribution centre at North Auburn, Silver water in NSW got established in stages. It occupied the entire block and offered the largest building for its kind in Australia with 800,000 sq ft of the storage space on two levels (Peter Schulz, 1982). The variety stock was held in one floor with consumables and groceries on other. Installation in the warehouse of Ramac, electronic computer for distribution and modern stock control, built Woolworths as the leader in computer usage in retail industry. In 1962, the completion of warehouse in Sydprint shifted from Glebe warehouse to Silverwater and got renamed as Woolprint and remained there until 1989. A new subsidiary Meatex was formed at Auburn for meat supplication to supermarkets and by 1961 another smaller Meatex plant got opened at Welland, South Australia before it relocated to Marleston in 1963. In August, a novel Meat distribution centre got completed in Blacktown to replace the Meatex at Auburn. The modern plant had extensive facilities which facilitated distribution for fresh meat to Woolworths NSW supermarkets (Collier and Evans, 2010). In 1960s, Woolworths expanded again into apparel market. It purchased 70 Rockmans apparel stores which operated in Tasmania, Victoria, New South Wales, South Australia and Queensland in 1961 and by November purchased the manufacturing company (L.O. Bailey Pty Ltd) 78 and other related Chic Salon lingerie shops. The initial stage of enhanced alterations towards the building now called the Woolies Corner, culminated in November opening of the new look Woolworths variety store which occupied the basement, first and ground floors (Peter Schulz, 1982). There was the addition of two additional storeys, and the upper floors became the head office of the company in March 1970. Her Majesty store which traded for 36 years terminated in 1970 and the building got sold to AMP Society for redevelopment as a portion of Centre point project. In 1966 a Knighthood, the Queens Birthday Honor List was pronounced for Woolies Chairman and Managing Director (Sir Theo Kelly) in reorganization for his services to industry and Commerce. Sir Theo Kelly had taken the part of Mr. C. Scott Waine as the Chairman of Board in 1963, to hold the appointment jointly with Managing Directorship. In 1967 eight Cox brothers department stores got acquired successfully to comprise the Foys at Bourke Street in Melbourne and the stores in Melbourne in Chadstone suburbs, Prahran, Northland and Collingwood; Cox-Economic at Hay stret, Morshead atBallarat, Cox-Foys and Perth at Mt Gambier SA. The Victorian group of 26 food stores (trading as Nancarrows) was acquired in 1969 and further group of 75 Crofts Food Stores in 1970. The stores added to existing Food Fairs to make it the composite group of 120 food stores which trading as Nancarrows and offered the strong entry into Victorian market (Collier and Evans, 2010). Woolworths opened a novel BIG W Centre at Booval near Ipswich Qld which featured the complete self-selection and checkout process to merchandising in department store as well as food in 60,000 sq. ft. trading level. On the preceding year, a similar store opened at Indooroopilly in Brisbane. This became announced as the Woolworths Family Centre and Booval store got adopted at the same time (Karen Plunkett-Powell, 2001). Simultaneously, it was decided to hold the trading name of BIG W department stores for the purpose of transferring the existing stores to new Woolworths Family Centre Division. In the end of 1970 other three Woolworths Family Centers started to operate in Queensland at Mt, Isa, North Rockhampton and Mt Gravatt, Brisbane. Popularity in Woolworths Family Centers, Queensland gave way for more expansion for this new division and in 1971 the initial New South Wales centers started at Warilla Grove shopping centre and St, Wollingong. These got followed by the Wagga NSW, 10th and the Phoenix Park near the Fremantle WA, 31st. By the end of September in 1971, there were opened six more Family Centers, three in Queensland, two in (NSW) and one in WA. Also the company lauched its 25-year club in 1970 where the Woolworths honors its employees retired or active with 25 or more years service. The inaugural functions got held in the entire states at Companys London Office (Karen Plunkett-Powell, 2001). Sir Theo Kelly retired in 1971 and Owen Price the general manager since 1969 was appointed as the companys chief executive. Sir Theo remained as the chairman of Woolworths Limited, subsidiary and associated companies and the managing and chairman of Woolworths, in New Zealand Limited. In November 1972, the last surviving member of Woolworths group who founded Woolworths, Mr. Stanley E. Chatterton CBE, retired from the directors board to severe the link of great historical importance. In 1974, the general manager, Mr. Owen Price, resigned and Mr. Paul Simons and Mr. W.B Dean got appointed jointly as general managers and Mr. C.T. Waldon became the deputy general manager. On December in 1978, Mr. C.T. Waldron the deputy general manager became appointed as the joint general manager corporate services after resignation of Mr. Paul Simons as Mr. W.B. Dean maintained his responsibility as the Joint General Manager (merchandising). In 1973 Woolworths introduced the carefully organized series of Woolworths own brands. It launched 200 items under five different names: St Mark, Chevron, Grandway and Woothworths which all bared the Own Brands seal. For qualification in inclusion of the Own Brands range, the e product retained the least equal quality to national market leader though it sold at a minimal price (Karen Plunkett-Powell, 2001) Woolworths limited 50th anniversary was celebrated by the shoppers in the entire Australia on 5th December as Australia shaped cakes which bared 50 candles got distributed in all the stores for customers and staff to share (Peter Schulz, 1982). That year saw the retail sales of $702,024,065 and the operating profit minus the tax of $9, 933,770. The staff currently which totaled 32,000 made the Woolworths as one of the largest employers of private labor enterprise sector (Collier and Evans, 2010). The Woolworths board recently established the four clear corporate objectives: To offer the customers with good quality merchandise at cheap prices. Improved profit on shareholders funds to make the people owning Woolworths To receive good returns on investment. To offer their customers with adequate and friendly services. To provide good conditions, wages, job satisfaction for its employees. In 1975, there was a high inflection in Australia and Woolworths got affected by the heavy increases of wages. Even though, 143 new stores got completed in the year and significantly the policy discussions got held to rationalize the trading operations and plan for establishment of BIG W Discount Store Division, the novel style for retailing of Woolworths. The BIG W concept was for big store, and sold the general merchandise on a sole level with enhanced parking facilities. The initial BIG W DISCOUNT STORE was started at West Tamworth in New South Wales in 1976 and by the ending of 1978, up to 13 BIG W Discount stores operated with stores in the entire states and ACT. Also in 1976, Woolworths became the initial Australian retail organization to get the sales which exceeded $ 1 billion in a financial year and the initial Annual Report to staff got distributed, an additional initial Australian Retail Industry (Karen Plunkett-Powell, 2001). In 1980, Sir Theo Kelly OBE retired from the position of Chairman and got succeeded by Mr. E.P. McClintock. Sir Theo Kelly was established to commemorate his 52 years in the company and 17 years as the chairman. The foundation offered the scholarship to enable managers from the industry participates in the moment of tertiary education aiming directly to develop the skills in Executive Retail Management. On January, 31st, Mr. AJ Tony the previous state manager for NSW was selected as to general manager and also chief executive and director for the board before his appointment as the managing director in 1981. In the year which ended in 28th January in 1981, the company sales exceeded by $2 billion for initial time and the increased results made the bonus issue of usual shares of 1 for 10. A $30 million pronounceable rights matter for convertible unsecured was made to ordinary shareholders to help in funding of new store development. In 1981, the Woolworths got 60% of the established companies operated by Dick Smith Electronic, and the remaining 40% of Dick Smith group got acquired in 1983. The food store group was based in Townsville, Qld as Philip Leong was taken in April and acquirement of Purity Group of 14 supermarkets and Roelf Vos group of 10 supermarkets in Tasmania. Woolworths had been in the forefront in utilization of the latest technology and improved its retail performance. In year 1926 the receipt-printing cash registers got installed by National Cash Register Company which declared Woolworths Limited was the words firt variety store to implement that kind of machines to record its sales (Collier and Evans, 2010). In August of 1982, the Arndale Supermarket and the Frenchs Forest formed the initial centre for scanning operations with NCR equipment in Sydney. Preceding the successful pilit scheme, the scanning systems got introduced in 10 supermarkets in Purity Stores and New South Wales in Tasmania. The Proceeding year on 5th of December, there was the introduction of the worlds first national electronic funds transfer system at the point of sale at that supermarket at Neutral Bay, New South Wales. The Food Plus and BP Australia joined Westpac for this historic initially. In 1998, the trial for the first scanning system got launched at Glenorchy Purity Supermarket, Tasmania. In the first week of December, celebrations were held in the entire Woolworths stores to celebrate the companys 60th Anniversary. This followed the giving of 11 kilo maps of Australia cakes to all Woolworths stores for cake-cutting ceremonies and presentation in the community groups. This give opportunity for the 25 year club with the membership f 705 which held special functions in all the states. The community gestured for 60th anniversary and the poster of Australian flags with 38 flags depicting the Australian history got produced for Australian day. Two of posters were given free to all the Australian schools, state and independent likewise to make available in all the parliamentarians and any interested parties. They proved to be successful and became an annual event with the new poster on Australian theme designed and distributed every year (Collier and Evans, 2010). The Future of Woolworths Improvement in Profitability The companys results reviewed a dramatic turnaround from negative effects of 1987. The half year trading of 1988 confirmed the improvement trend in profitability of company though the directors never declared on interim dividend. In the period of 1988 to 1989, the sales and the group operating profit increased and again putting the Woolworths as the leader of retailed food in Australia (Peter Schulz, 1982). In 1989, the new concept of store presentation introduced alongside Crazy Prices Store that was opened at Eastwood, NSW. Formally growing from aggressive efforts into clear stocks on closing of unprofitable variety stores, the precepts was then enhanced into new sites and in two years the 20 Crazy Prices stores got established (Karen Plunkett-Powell, 2001). Environment Woolworths looked for various ways of reducing its effects on environment. It engaged in recycling of in-store waste like polystyrene boxes, cardboard boxes, meat off cuts and chicken rotisserie fat and the supermarkets came up with storefront bins of plastic bag recycling. In the last half of 1989, Woolworths established the testing program and became the CFC free and utilized only the HFC refrigerants. All the refitted and new Woolworths supermarkets are fitted with HFC products nationally (Peter Schulz, 1982). Woolworths currently uses the latest technological advances to offer the service for their customers. The Woolworths Online Fresh Food Website involves the personalized meal planning features. The site gives room for the customer to browse around 2000 delicious recipes, dietary advice and practical cooling tips from the leading nutritionist: Rosemary Stanton and register for dietary requirements and personal food preferences. Proper meal plans particularly tailored to those kinds of requirements are generated and after the recipes are chosen, the sites form a shopping list and advice to the viewer of their nearest Woolworths Purity, Safeway or Roelf Vos Supermarket. Its Home Page Services got extended when the Homeshop went live in 1998. Centered on the Woolworths store at Eastwood, Sydney, the Homeshop enables the customers to view for products range including fresh fruit and vegetables, groceries, serviced deli, fresh meat, liquor, frozen and chilled foods. The customers have got their chosen groceries delivered within the nominated 2 hour delivery window amidst 7am and 11pm by the refrigerated Homeshop van as the payments are made via mobile EFTPOS on their arrival. The service has been expanded rapidly with plans to cover the for 140 suburbs in Sydney (Collier and Evans, 2010). In July of 1998, the Woolworths and Commonwealth Bank pronounced the alliance purposed at offering the range of co-branded financial services to personal customers. Immediately after the Woolworths had announced it, contracted with the Dan Murphy Cellars liquor business (in Victoria) with five other retail outlets in metropolitan Melbourne. It had been the intention of Woolworths to sustain the Dan Murphy business as the autonomous expand and operation nationwide in the new brand-name concept (Peter Schulz, 1982). Woolworths goes on to enhance its activities with novel marketplace shopping centers in construction , and more so Metro Stores being opened in New South Wales and Queensland likewise to Woolworths +Plus Petro enhancing up to 42 outlets and new distribution and warehousing centers at Minchin bury, broad meadows and New South Wales, Victoria (Karen Plunkett-Powell, 2001).