Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 18

Art - Essay ExampleDeaccessions of the objects can only take place when the objects to not match the mission of the museum.The re-opening of museum in Bagdad was meant to overhaul political mileage to the politicians. In an open letter addressed to the organization by Donny George and Rakowitzs, expressed concerns over shortest duration with which the preparation of the museum under-went for its re-opening. Despite all these efforts, the government through the Minister of Tourism went ahead to re-open the museum. The notion that of the strong takes it all is a common phrase frequently put into practice in Iraq today. This is obvious from the creation of the ministry of tourism to oversee the management of the museums. This is contrary to the old system where the ministry of culture had this mandate. The re-opening of the museum was more of an exhibition as stated by Amira Aidan in an email. This is because 8 out of the 26 rooms were open and a few items on display. Security situat ion in Iraq prompted a policy of allowing 50% of the staff to commit it to work on a single day with the other 50% on the following day. Close to 50% percent of the objects missing from the museum due to gage lapses in the country.It is important to note that museums play a significant role in preserving a countrys heritage through generations. Governments should therefore stimulate up with relevant policies to ensure that museums are preserved (Merritt and Reilly 23-25). Regulations that undermine the independent operations of the museum would eventually make them collapse due to loss of objects within the

Personal Attachment Style Essay Example for Free

Personal Attachment demeanor EssayMy personal attachment style as determined by the Adult Attachment Style Questionnaire (Fraley, n. d. ) was secure, which seemed appropriate. Individuals with secure attachment styles are not typically concerned with rejection from a partner and they tend to be comfortable in emotionally penny-pinching relationships (Rodriguez Ritchie, 2009). look into has shown that when secure individuals face conflict, they are likely to problem solve using strategies such as compromising and encouraging mutual discussion and effective communicating (Carnelley, Pietromonaco, Jaffe, 1994 Riggs, 2010).Additionally, secure individuals have a decreased potential for depressive symptoms and a far lower risk for mental disorders throughout adulthood (Riggs, 2010). The questionnaire provided a realistic and blameless assessment of my natural tendencies in intimate and other relationships. Contributing Genetic and Environmental Factors I was endowed with good genes both of my parents were calm, warm, loving people who had in a taller place average intelligence and the ability to think in progressive and effective ways. They were socially aware and had many friends and colleagues who respected and loved them.I had a close to ideal family environment as a child my parents were particularly responsive to my needs and my opinions were always respected and valued. I was not ridiculed, mistreated, or abused, although I was held to high standards and was encouraged to behave appropriately and thoughtfully and to express my feelings in creative, honest, and constructive ways. Research indicates a correlation between early attachment development in childhood and the capacity to form close attachments in adulthood (Brandel, 2010 Reyome, 2010 Riggs, 2010).Sullivans developmental model placed critical importance on interpersonal relationships and how children, and later adults, construct ways to maintain relationships within the family and with others (Brandell, 2010). Because people have intrinsic psychological needs, they create ways to fulfill them, and if the needs are not met by psychologically healthy interactions, less effective unhealthy means are implemented (Brandell, 2010 Rodriguez Ritchie, 2009). My childhood environment was conducive to psychological health and provided the emotional building blocks for coming(prenominal) confident(p) relationships.Affect on Cognitive and Social Development Research suggests that abuse during early childhood deeply affects an individuals future ability to bond with others, in effect, abuse influences social development (Reyome, 2010 Riggs, 2010). Furthermore, it may interfere with the individuals ability for emotional regulation, and may contribute to dysfunctional emotional coping skills that may lead to psychological disorders (Riggs, 2010). Insecure individuals show a decreased ability for social information processing, such as careful listening (Riggs, 2010).Compounded with decreased emotional regulation, maladaptive coping skills, and a propensity to psychological disorders, maltreatment in childhood has a tremendous impact on social development and the ability to take over effectively in relationships in general (Brandell, 2010 Carnelley, Pietromonaco, Jaffe, 1994 Riggs, 2010). In early childhood, children create norms and develop expectations according to the quality with which their needs are met, usually by the baffle (Brandell, 2010).These norms and expectations are the templates by which individuals relate to others throughout their lives (Brandell, 2010 Reyome, 2010). When a mistreated individual consistently distorts self-perceptions and inaccurately interprets the behavior of others as threatening, they may engage in punitory behavior (Riggs, 2010). As previously mentioned, I was raised in a warm, wholesome family environment in which personal expression was expected, valued, and appreciated. I grew p believe and experiencing that t he most valuable relationships are the intimate ones I have with family and close friends. They are the safe harbors that naturally ameliorate the challenges of life. I developed highly positive expectations about intimacy, and my needs were mostly addressed. Because I learned that close relationships are safe, I perceive them accurately and as a non-threatening component of life. The pleasure I derive from close relationships has diffusely permeated my relationships in general, and I seek out and appreciate some level of intimacy in all of my relationships.

How Does Willy Russell Create Mood Essay Example for Free

How Does Willy Russell Create Mood EssayIn the Summer Sequence Willy Russells trine main protagonists argon shown to grow up from the ages of 15 to 18, thus becoming adults throughout the song. This means that the sequence acts as a watershed in the respect that it marks a major routine point in the play. This is shown through the nimbus that Russell creates, which goes from fairly positive, hopeful t wizard to a more cynical and desperate one over the duration of the sequence. Russell uses some(prenominal) proficiencys to create these airwaves throughout. In the opening of the Summer Sequence the atmosphere is clearly a happy one, which is shown by Russell by using words like young, drop by the wayside and innocent to describe the characters. In this section, the word innocent is used twice. This repetition emphasises their youth and their naivety. You havent got a care, suggests Russell is trying to create an examine of the characters as being without concern, completely free of worry so it reinforces the absolute happiness of the characters.Another adjective that occurs later in the song is immortal which at this stage of the play creates an atmosphere of excitement and spontaneity because the children cant conceive of an end to their current lives. A technique that Russell uses starts to use here is imagery, paths turned to paradise, the word paradise bring to mind an idea of secure and complete happiness, which is how he describes them in this verse. Another technique is personification, communicates singing dreams, giving the radio the ability to do something that brings happiness or joy.This line also works the first time the motif of dreams appears, one that recurs throughout the sequence. The next notable part of the sequence is entirely stage directions, and shows the characters at a fairground. In this part of the sequence the most obvious technique is foretell and motifs arising. In it, Linda is just ignored by the fabricator, who is r unning the stall, when giving the gun to them, but the boys both(prenominal) insist Linda fires it, which is reminiscent of the beginning of the play when Linda takes the airgun from Mickey and beats him at firing at cans.Linda also used to control their social situations, lets throw some stones through them windows. This shooting is also very reliant on the gun motif that runs through the entire play which creates a darker and more sinister atmosphere, and that suggests a level of violence. The fairground shooting is also reflected in the musical choice, which is fairground-like music that plays to the tune of Tell me its not true, the song Mrs Johnstone sings at the very beginning of the play musical composition her two sons lie dead on the stage.So, over again this ties in with the sense of hearings awareness of the boys tragic specify, thus, creating a foreshadowing atmosphere and suggests impending tragedy. This links with the gun motif, as together these themes create a sense of impending violence and death. The get line of this section of stage directions is Linda is caught in the middle, the game freezes. This creates a dark atmosphere as throughout the play Linda is always seen to be caught in between the two boys, but so far, it has never ended badly. In this instance, however, it foreshadows the fates of all three characters.The use of the word game, referring to a game of piggy-in-the-middle, could suggest that the context of the play when Linda gets caught up in her own happiness which eventually leads to the tragic fate of the twins. Overall, this section is of a darker tone than the last, but this atmosphere is created through the subtext, so the audience may not be fully aware of why they tonicity this way about the atmosphere. This is featured through the presence of the narrator, who throughout the play appears on stage to signify or prompt something negative to happen.He give them the gun, and prompts the game of piggy-in-the-midd le that Linda gets caught between. The next section uses metaphors to create a dark, impending atmosphere, that is more openly sinister that the previous section. Russell refers to the characters are Lambs in spring, which suggests not alone their innocence and naivety, but an inevitable fate, specifically one that is coerce upon them, not of their own doing. This explicitly refers to the brothers fate in a way in which the last section didnt, so the tone is far more marred by the eventuality of their deaths.This date is also referenced when Russell extends the metaphor, fate the later seasons bring, which causes the audience to remember the movie at the very beginning of the play, preventing them from being drawn into the initial happiness of the three teenagers in this sequence. Again, it refers to Linda being caught in the middle of the pair, foreshadowing their final argument. It also refers to Linda paying a price, a theme that was initially shown in the song Easy Terms, sun g by Mrs Johnstone, and in both cases foreshadows the price theyll have to pay for their involvement in the twins lives.The music becomes far more serious and sinister, a repetitive tense transmission line with no actual melody. In the next section a recurring theme is shown with the references to time. This creates a sad, melancholic atmosphere, as the audience is aware of the characters significant lack of time together, but the characters are not, so their happy unawareness and this dramatic irony is slightly poignant. Again, fate is reference by the narrator care not for whats at the end of the day, again forcing the audience to remember the fate of the boys, this enhances the melancholy mood of the section.What is to come, what might have been, references both the eventualities of the play, whilst also suggesting they could have been happy, that it could have they could have been happier, depressing the mood even further. It is do poignant by the characters blissful ignorance , life has no ending tittle-tattle away the night, which ties in with the earlier references of immorality. Again, this dramatic irony, where the audience know that the boys lives do have endings that are fast approaching, almost makes the audience beg them to not waste their time talking away the night.Share your last cigarette also ties into the earlier stab where Mickey and Eddie share things, such as sweets and later cigarettes, they promise to share things in their blood brothers pact but they cannot share Linda. Arguably the downfall of both brothers, meaning that this watersheds atmosphere is wholly dark. In the next section it is all stage directions, but Russell uses foreshadowing and the use of the narrators presence to create a plainly happy atmosphere that still foreshadows tragedy. In it, the trip are taking photos of each other at the beach.In the one between Eddie and Linda, Eddie down on one knee and demonstrating affections by kissing her hand. Throughout the play , Linda has shaped Eddies personality and actions, such as coercing him to throw rocks, and Eddie has appeared to like her from the very beginning and so this foreshadows the dynamics of their later relationship. Mickey and Lindas photo does the same, as Mickey pulls a distorted face, and Linda chastening him for it, which foreshadows Mickeys later habituation on medication, and Lindas efforts to help him get off them. This foreshadowing of tragic events, in a way that appears innocent creates aneerie, disconcerting atmosphere.As there are no words, it cant openly reference whats to come, but uses what the characters think is a harmless and happy moment. This is compounded by the musical choice, which is again Tell me its not true, as fairground music. Again, this foreshadows the final scene, creating a foreboding atmosphere without explicit reference as to why it appears that way. In this scene we see the characters taking pictures of them at the beach, these photos are memories o f the last time the three of them are all truly happy. Therefore, the photographs signify the end of their childishness and innocence and dreams.This made clearer by the narrator being the one to take the photographs, thus being the one who signifies the end of their childhoods and lives. The children literally become adults at the end of the beach scene in the Summer Sequence, as well as metaphorically. Because the narrator is a sinister figure throughout the play, and usually is there to prompt the occurrence of something tragic, it creates a sense of impending tragedy even more obvious in this scene. The picture that the narrator takes is of them all together, happy, so he not only brings their childhood to a close, but also their happiness and friendship.In a sense, he symbolises reality as he intrudes on their happiness, despite their ignorance and the audiences proneness for him not to do so. He also represents society as it is eventually social constraints of class and weal th that divide the two. This way the audience are forced to see the society that they are part of and this is the factor that brings the story to an end. The fact that he appears to them as a friendly, even helpful, face increases the audiences care of him and therefore the sinister nature of the scene.The overriding atmosphere of the scene is the last section is one of desperation and uncertainty. Russell uses metaphors such as broken bottles in the keystone to symbolise a man-made impression on something naive and happy, which symbolises the characters friendship and how it is affected by class. The motif of a dream is repeated, as is the theme of innocence. The references to dreams ties in with the song tell me its not true, which refers to dreams. The reference to innocence here again makes the trio seem devious to the fact that they will be pendent to tragedy.

Food and Beverage Essay Example for Free

Food and Beverage EssayHotel Les Fontaines has a st prescribegy that differs very largely from any of its competitors, as it is one of a soma in its surface area. The company go forth focus on delivering a helper that provides a more(prenominal) personalized and refreshed dish out style. There would be more attention to detail especially in the eating house outlet of which has been proposed as this would be a value added for Les Chalets Des Mosses. Also the operation costs would be lower in the restaurant area compared to rooms, as clients who stay at the hotel are budget guest who like to spend less and in cave in expect quality service and product. The hotel operates for ten months throughout the year. The restaurant opens for service during lunch and dinner. For the lunch period simple, smart, and affordable dishes catering to the customers postulate depart be served. As more or less of the consumers result be children from ages four to twelve and parents from ear ly thirties to late forties, a menu healthy and enjoyable menu for the guests will be designed. Even though quick service would be offered for lunchtime the quality of the food and service would not be compromised. This would allow for the restaurant to force a good first impression in order to encourage the guest to return to Pomodoro On the other hand, the dinner will have a drastically different objective. The average dish will be more luxuries and elegant and will be served in an a la carte fashion. The cash machine at dinner will promote a sensational and comfortable time for our guests. Both the hotels image and the restaurant harmonize in theme. The hotel Les Fontaines provides a swell experience for the clienteles, enticing them to return to Les Chalets des Mosses.VisionHospitality is all about the individual and at Les Chalets des Mosses we pride ourselves on our unique service culture. We are in business to meet our customers needs and promises that each guest will be t reated with a positive service attitude at every point of contact. From the hotel manager to the cleaner and everyone else in-between plays a vital role in delivering a memorable guest experience. kickThe mission of the restaurant is to deliver the most comfortable and soothing experience for the clients. With exceptional service, responsible stewardship, and high quality food an first-class experience sack be provided. Therefore, the Pomodoros main objective is to focus on the customers best interests. Les Chalets des Mosses provides budget travelers and tourists with a choice of excellent hospitality products that offer excellent value for money, while assuring a good return to owners and inspiration to employees.ObjectiveThe main object of Les Chalets de Mosses is to have a return on investiture at heart two years form Pomodoros.Building a loyal customer base and a long-term grocery storeing strategy are what Hotel Les Fontaines is want to achieve. Pomodoro is an ambitious concept that is currently, planning on growing and expanding by the year 2020. Also the Pomodoro is trying to aim for eighty to eighty-five percent occupancy rate for the lunch, which will operate for two and a half hours daily. As for dinner Pomodoros is trying to attract around seventy to seventy-five percent occupancy. By having a total of hundred twenty seats prepared in the restaurant, the Pomodoro will be the main focus of the companys FB branch.The restaurant has make a completely different transition from its original concept. Not only did the restaurant change in its size, the type of services and it dishes the market segments has also changed. The most effective sales and marketing tactics have been selected to define the restaurants image. The name, Pomodoro, is the first major change to help identify the new Italian restaurant that has opened in Les Chalets des Mosses. The restaurant also has a bar, which would play an important role as while guest are delay for the tab le they could spend time at the bar. During the waiting time guests may spend money at the bar allowing the restaurant to unless maximise its revenue. Also, this new concept of the bar would be perfect after a long day at the ski slopes.The Hotel Les Fontaines will also coordinated three major principles (Schultz Horvath, 2008). The first principle is the training and development process of staff members. By creating a whole and effective weapons platform for the staff members, the employees will be able to satisfy even the specific needs of the customers. The Hazard analysis and critical points (HACCP) will be incorporated in the training program to deliver a food safety and social responsibility. With this our guests would feel at ease to eat at Pomodoros and families would be more than happy to be with their children. The training program will have to enquire place before the restaurant begins to operate in 2013.The second principle is the ability to operate efficiently. T he restaurant should be able to deliver highly effective operations to the clients. Lastly, the culture of customer service should be noted. Without the necessary service to deliver the satisfaction and expiation of the consumer, a loyal customer base cigaretnot be built. Les Fontaines will incorporate the referral marketing for the market strategy. The referral marketing is no doubt the best way to maximize the revenue and raise the awareness of the company and standards to the local customers (Schmitt, Skiera Bulte, 2011).FB StrategyDiversification is one of the strategies that best fit the new operations situation, as Les Fontaines is in seem of a new product and market (Gine, Pisano, Sorell, Szigety, 2006). The restaurant has taken extreme measures to differentiate itself from the competition in the Les Mosses region. As the restaurant caters to a niche market, it will have minimum competition with the surrounding business in the region. This is due to the fact that Pomodoro s offers various activities for children of which the surrounding hotels do not offer. The psychographic, demographic, geographic, and purchase look of clients were analyzed in order to help Les Chalets des Mosses strengthen it own image (Yankelovich, Meer, 2006). In order to create such strategy, the restaurants must create an spicy and rigorous loyalty program.The goal of the hotel is to have local customers who will visit the hotel on a regular bases during the various events that take place in the region of les mosses. Since, the hotel will promote its special offers via newsletter through the zip code, not only does the newsletter grab the customers attention, but also the local customers will mother frequent clienteles. This marketing strategy would benefit the whole hotel, not just the restaurant. By sending out newsletters promoting events or special offers in both the hotel and restaurant it may encourage guest to not only use the food and beverage outlets but also to sta y and enjoy the experience.The company will take a step forward by taking surveys of the clienteles regarding the activities and subjects that interest them. This way Les Fontaines will be able to predict what the clienteles hobbies or adjudicate are and provide a service that incorporates partnerships with other companies. For example Pomodoros can promote a snow-tubing event to the customers by providing ticket deals.According to Michael Porter, a Harvard Business School professor and the reigning guru of competitive strategy, competition within an industry is driven by five basic factors (Porter, 1979)1. scourge of new entries.2. Threat of substitute products or services.3. Bargaining power of suppliers.4. Bargaining power of buyers.5. Rivalry among existing firms.We understand that using one strategy is impossible in todays society, as the range of customers are more diverse as globalization has a larger impact in todays society.The Les Fontaines will be promoted in various wa ys. The newsletter will act as a tool to commercialize the companys anniversaries and offers. Unlike, the other rivals the company will begin to draw the customers with a more personal touch. The snow tubing company in Les Mosses will further advertise the hotel and vice verse due to their partnership. Furthermore, the referrals will office staff as the companys key promotional tool. Both Pomodoro and hotel Les Fontaines will attract customers through the various services, products, offers, and business proposals. None of the competing hotels and FB outlets substantially reshaped their business strategies and market segments like Pomodoros. The awareness of the hotel will most definitely rise as the customers and other partnering companies spread the word. The company will have a dominating descend of advertisements in comparison to the other competing ventures due to their various partnerships.The hotel provides a pleasant and sophisticated service that was specifically designed to differ from other surrounding hotels within the region. Both the restaurant and the hotel will offer a personalized touch to the service that will be provided. This will attract new customers and build strong customer relationships, as the customers will return to the venture on a frequent basis. Despite the cluttered market, the unique products that were designed to meet the specific needs of the customers makes the Les Fontaines stand out from its competitors.List of ReferencesGine. F, Pisano. G, Sorell. M , Szigety. M. (2006). RD Portfolio Strategy, Diversification And Performance An Information Perspective. (Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University) Retrieved from http//hbr.org/1979/03/how-competitive-forces-shape-strategy/ar/1Porter, M. E. (1979). How competitive forces chape strategy. (Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University)Retrieved from http//hbr.org/1979/03/how-competitive-forces-shape-strategy/ar/1Schmitt, P., Skiera, B., Bulte, C. V. D. (2011). Why customer refer rals can drive stunning profits. (Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University)Retrieved fromhttp//hbr.org/2011/06/why-customer-referrals-can-drive-stunning-profits/ar/1Schultz, G. C., Horvath, A. G. (2008). Strategic plan 2008-2013. Informally published manuscript, Finance Business, Pennsylvania StateYankelovich D, Meer D. (2006). Rediscovering Market Segmentation. Retrieved from http//hbr.org/product/rediscovering-market-segmentation/an/R0602G-PDF-ENG

Effect Of Heavy Metals On The Environment Environmental Sciences Essay

Effect Of Heavy Metals On The Env press outment Environmental Sciences EssayHeavy coats ar most abundant forms of pollution in Malaysia either in the forms of solid or liquid. With the vast industrial enterprise and economic development in coastal region, strained coats are continuing to be introduced to the estuarine and coastal environment which eventually devastation up into the river, runoffs and land based area (Yu et al., 2007). Metals diffuses into the aquatic environment pull up stakes settle down and be incorporated into sediments together with organic matters, Fe/Mn oxides, sulfides, and clay (Wang and Chen, 2000). However, baleful metal mobility or availability in begrime materials depends to large extent upon the different chemical and mineralogical forms that occurred (Song et al., 1999). Therefore, sediments seem to be an excellent medium in the assessment of the metals bound to the particulates. N unrivaledtheless, sediments are known to act as a sink for sl ow metals to be introduced into pees either from both natural and anthropogenic showtimes thus providing an excellent proof of mans impact (Pempkowiase et al., 1999 Guevara et al., 2005). In addition, they may withal act as traps for various types of pollutants including heavy metals (Poh and Mun, 1994). Indeed, changes in environmental conditions such as pH and redox potential should be monitored since it may results in remobilization of heavy metals. Unfortunately, due to the scarcity of information available to establish the heavy metal concentration in sediment utilise sequential origination, no data is presented concerning the heavy metal pollution in the rivers except for one author Shazili et al., 2008 on Langat River Basin. Heavy metals element is particularly crucial because any slight changes in availability may cause these elements to become either toxic or deficient to plant (Krishnamurti et al., 1995). In fact, sequential extraction analysis is a technique whi ch is used to investigate the geochemical partitioning of heavy metals amongst solid mineral and organic phases in sediment or other earth minerals (Howard and Vandenbrink, 1999). serial fractionation besides frequently used in approaches to evaluate metals distribution into different chemical forms present in solid phases. Although direct systems provide an unambiguous identification of the heavy metal forms and ways why they occur, they might non be sufficiently sensitive where heavy metals occur at relatively low levels and they do non provide quantitative information on heavy metal mobility and availability (Song et al., 1999). However, sequential extraction approach is undoubtedly useful since few attempts have immaculate and few modification have been make based on Tessier et al., (1979) such as Silviera et al., (2006) Krishnamurti et al., (1995) Song et al., (1999) Forghani et al., (2009), Poh and Mun, (1994).2.0 Problem StatementLangat river, Bernam River and Klang Riv er basin is located in the tell apart of Selangor in which known to be the most developing states in Malaysia other than Kuala Lumpur. All of these rivers are primarily strategic as water supply antecedent not only limited to supplying water to consumer but also for other purposes such as aquaculture and agriculture activity, fishing, effluent discharge, irrigation and even sand mining. With the vast industrialization held in the river such as sand mining it generate the release of metal bound in sediment into the water promoting metals diffussion into the aquatic organisms and eventually ends up into humans body. Moreover, from each one metals poses their own threat to human, particularly Cadmium (Cd) are known for causing adverse health effects, once ingest into our body it testament cause lung cancer moreover it seldom classic as a cause of phytotoxicity in paddy field (Chaney, 2010). On the other hand, Zinc (Zn) is a deficient and phytotoxic element in sediment which caus es abdominal pain to humans, the latter due to industrial contamination (Chaney, 2010). Copper (Cu) in sediments strongly adsorbs to clay minerals, iron and manganese oxides and organic material. In addition, it tends to remain in horizons that have a greater organic content whereas sandy sediment with low pH poses the superlative potential for Cu leaching. On contrary, lead (Pb) is considered to be one of the major environmental pollutants and has been incriminated as a cause of accidental poisoning in national animals more than any other substance. In a nutshell, these metals are emboldened to be analyses since this metal endured high up toxicity in the environment thus poses high potential threat and risk to humans and living organisms.3.0 Significance of StudyThis topic is prominent since in Malaysia there is only few attempted moot using sequential extraction as medium in determining the fate of metals in environment. Particularly, this study leave behind be useful as a b aseline data for goverment bodies to be more sensitive on the issues related to heavy metals. On the other hand, this study allow for provide a motion picture on the sources of metals which contribute the most anthropogenically or naturally to the environment since the major contributor on the environment deteroriation is a non point source. Therefore, identifying the potential sources is crucial in maintaining the environment. Nonetheless, by conducting this study it ables to generate a profound understanding on the sources and parent materials of which heavy metals are highly introduce to the estuary. Thus, contribute to the discovery of metals aptitude and percentage of binding to organic or inorganic pollutants. Hence, providing an illustration on the status of pollution in the selected rivers based on screening of the forms of metals associated in the river. In addition, the attempted method will utter a method development in assesing the metal in the environment. This study is beneficiary especially by the segment of Irrigation on the overview of the river status thus able to mitigate a scheme on reducing the metal accretion into the river by identifying the source of pollution.4.0 explore intentionTo ascertain the chemical and mineralogical forms of Pb, Cu, Cd and Zn in selected polluted river.To profile the metal speciation (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn) in the sediment at selected polluted river in Selangor.To determine the heavy metals affinity for specific geochemical phases in the recently deposited sediments in the river.To identify the pollution sources and active component of heavy metals accumulate into the surficial sediment and its chemical port in the aquatic environment.5.0 Literature ReviewA river is component of water cycle. Mostly rainfall on land will passes by dint of a river on its way to the ocean and smaller side streams will joins the river forming a tributaries (DID, 2010). In Malaysia, the water within a river generally originates from precipitation through surface runoff, groundwater load (as seen at base flow conditions / during periods of lack of precipitation) and release of stored water in natural or man-made reservoirs, such as wetlands, ponds or lakes (DID, 2010). Therefore, the rainfall will generate the surface runoff and flows into the river. While the runoff will collect all the suspended particulates on the land surface into the river. This is why source of metal is very hard to trace since it is a non point sources elements which diffuse into the river Basin. Therefore, in this case sediments play an heavy role in identication of the metals since it acts as transport and store of potentially hazardous metals (Yu et al., 2008).Bernam River is approximately about 3335 km2 and it forms a boundary between States of Perak in the north and Selangor in the south. The undulating hills of Bernam River merge into an undeveloped peat swamp area where the downriver of the peat swamp is a obtusely populated c oastal strip along the Bernam River. Rice is courtly in the lower areas ad- jacent to peat swamps and rubber, oil palm, coconuts and cocoa are cultivated in estates and smallholder schemes. Agrochemicals (fertilizers and herbicides) used on agricultural lands suggest a potential non-point source of pollution and toxicity affecting the aquatic ecosystems (Yap and Ong, 1990). Logging generates pollution through soil erosion, siltation and sedimentation in the streams. On the other hand, Langat River basin covered an area of 1300 km2 in the south of Kuala Lumpur and the length of Langat River is approximately about 120 km long (Sarmani, 1989). Langat river known as an important water source not only limited to supplying water to consumer but also for other purposes such as recreation, fishing, effluent discharge, irrigation and even sand mining (Juahir, 2009). Whereas, Klang River is notable as a highly polluted river in Selangor which flows through Kuala Lumpur and suburban area of t he densely populated and highly industrialized Klang Valley (Tan, 1995). The upper reaches of the Klang River serve as an important source of water supply to an estimated population of two million population in this region, together with its growing industrial activities (Tan, 1995). According to the Environmental Quality Report (Department of Environment, 2007), the Klang River is regarded as one of the rivers which have been seriously affected by pollution. Discharges of sewer water from industrial activities in the Klang River basin have also contributed to increasing levels of organic chemical pollutants in the waterways.However, metals in sediment comes in various forms of elements. Therefore, each metals may give beneficiary and may also cause a potential threat to human. Once consumable in our body it might cause a significant imbalance thus causing deformities and poor health (Birungi et al., 2008). Sediment are an important features in the river any activities occured rel ated to sediment such shift or mining may cause the release of heavy metals into the river. This is because heavy metals may enter into natural water and become a part of the water sediment system and their distribution processes are controlled by a dynamic set of physical-chemical interactions and equilibrium (Jain, 2003). Therefore, the metals may bind to the aquatic organisms. Since these river is an inborn water source in the state of Selangor, any aquaculture activity held in the river may have a significant potential of heavy metals accumulate into the fish or prawns. On the other hand, the deposition of metals in sediments usually occurs through an interaction between sediment and water (Piron et al., 1990), whereby changes of metal contents of sediments and water depend on changes of water chemistry, such as, temperature, pH and solute concentration. That is why such study is prominent since metals interactions between bed sediment and water in aquatic environment play an important role on water quality and the fate and transport of metals.There are series of modification of sequential extraction technique have been made upon the suitability of the study. The recent modification are introduce by Silviera et al., 2006 which proposed to the studies specifically on the tropical soil. This method listed out seven fractionation steps which each illustrates the metal bound particulate in the sediments. The first three fractionation steps explains the geochemical condition of the sediment whereas the fourth to the seventh steps refers to the anthropogenic conditions. This method is an alternative way to determine the source of metals, because the anthropogenically sourced metals preferentially partition to the non-residual phase of the sediment while the residual phase generally reflects background geochemical conditions (Forghani et al., 2009). Moreover, this method were elect since it selectively extracts metal bound by specific sediment fractions with mi nimal effect on the other sediment components (Silviera et al., 2006). In addition, this method are an important tool for predicting the potential effects of environmental changes and land application of metals on the redistribution of chemical forms in tropical sediments (Silviera et al., 2006).6.0 Research MethodologySediment Sampling xxx representative surficial sediments (0-20cm depth) will be taken from selected polluted river in Selangor from upstream to downstream of the river. Surface sediments samples will be collected in triplicates and homogenized in a zip lock polyethylene bags. The sampling will be conducted during low tide to enable the source of pollution from the mainland to be find out without the influence of input from seawater compared to sampling during high tide. Sediment samples will be collected using plastic scoops, Eckman Grab or core taste-tester and place into acid-washed double zip-lock polyethylene bag. All samples will be stored in cool box at 4C du ring transportation to the laboratory precedent to analysis.Sampling preparationThe laboratory apparatus are also acid washed and rinsed thoroughly first with distilled water to ensure any contaminants and traces of clean and jerking reagent were outside before the analysis. Pre-clean polycarbonate spin tube with soaked overnight in 5 % (v/v) nitric acid rinsed with distilled water after 24 hours prior to analysis. It is performed in clean laboratory to minimize the potential risk of contamination.Laboratory AnalysisPhysicochemical parameters such as pH, redox potential, salinity and conductivity will be measured using the 12 ratio of sediment and double deionized water (DDW). In addition, cations exchange capacity (CEC) and loss on ignition (LOI) will also be determined in the study.Physicochemical ParametersThe sediment physicochemical analyses will be determined by mixing 10 g of air change sample (Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC)Sediment samples for CEC object will be prepar e in two 10 g portions, one for treatment with a 1 M NaCl solution and other with a 1 M NH4Cl solution. Approximately about 10 ml of 95% ethanol will be carefully poured on sediment sample and drawn through the sediment by suction. The ethanol remaining in the sediment will later be removed by overnight evaporation. Then, the sediment will be transferred to small 50 ml Polycarbonate centrifuge tubes. Hence, about 30 ml of 1M NaCl was applied to one set of sub samples and 1 M NH4Cl solution was added to other set. The centrifuge tubes contains with the sediment pre-treated with NaCl and NH4Cl therefore will be shaken end over end for about 10-20 minutes and subsequently centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 30 minutes in order to settle the fines. After the samples are centrifuged, the supernatant will be removed with syringe and filter through a 0.45 m filter. About 15 ml of sample will be used for the analysis of Ca, Mg, and K from the NaCl supernatant solution and preserved with 1% 7M HNO3 . Meanwhile, the solution from NH4Cl supernatant will be used for determination of Na and also preserved with 1% 7M HNO3. test analysis for Ca, Mg, Na and K adopted similar procedure as in the case of major cations determination.The exchangeable cation concentration are converted from milliequivalent/100g to equivalent fractions (T) as (Apello Postma, 2005)T = meqI-Xz_____I, J.. meqI-XzWhere I, J,. are exchangeable cations, meqI-Xi is normally given in meq/100 g dry sediment and meqI-Xz is essential equal to CEC, ignoring minor amounts of Fe, Mn, etc.Loss of Ignition (LOI)Dry a sample in an oven at 105C to constant consultt. Accurately weigh 1g of this dried sample and pour into a preweighed dry crucible. Optionally, a few drops of H2O2 may be added at this stage to promote oxidation. The samples will be transfered into gag furnace and gradually accession the temperature to 500C. Leave inside the oven at this temperature for at least 4h or overnight if convenient. Cool, trans fer to a dessicator and allow it to cool to manner temperature. Weigh and calculate loss on ignition in % asLOI (%) = 100 x (M1 M2)M1Where M1 is the initial weight (g) and M2 is the weight after ignition (g).Sequential Extraction ProcedureThe methods that will be used in this study are based on modification methods from (Silviera et al., 2006). The fractionation of heavy metals in sediments will be carried out in triplicate, using 1 g of air-dried sediment. Then, sediment samples will be placed in 50 ml polycarbonate centrifuge tubes, mixed in a stepwise fashion with various reagents as shown in figure 1, and the suspensions equilibrated. By following equilibration, the solution and solid phases will then be separated by centrifugation at 1225 g for 10 min. In between each successive extraction, the solid residues are suspended in 5 ml of 0.1 M NaCl, shaken by hand, and centrifuged to displace extracting solution remaining from the previous step. The supernatant will be added to t he former extractant. The steps are mean to reduce sample dispersion and to minimize read sorption of the metal. The supernatants will be filtered through a 0.45 m membrane, and the solid residues are preserved for the subsequent extractions. The concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd in the various extracts will be determined by Inductive Couple Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Mass balances, calculated by summing individual Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn masses recovered from fractions, were compared with the independently determined total metal masses.Data AnalysisFurther data analysis will be conducted using the raw data obtained from the sample analysis. Descriptive analysis, cluster analysis, factor Analysis will be conducted using few softwares such as SPSS version 17 and Multivariate Statistical Package (MVSP) and AQUACHEM. Enrichment factors (EF) will be calculated to determine the level of trace metal contamination of the sediments.7.0 Project BenefitResearch Publications2 research jou rnal with impact factorOutput expected from the projectIt is expected that several publication can be produced from the data obtained in this study which useful as a reference for future research.It will provide the latest information on the level of metal pollution in Selangor which practicable for germane(predicate) authority to make the future planning and management purposes.Economic contribution of the projectBy using the information gathered in this research, the relevant government bodies can make better planning and take preventive measures to avoid further contamination of the river as it is crucial source for the nation fisheries and aquaculture activity. Moreover, important because a lot of the population which resides near the mangrove area depend on it for their livelihood. Since, the destruction or contamination of this area will affect their source of income. The reduction in fisheries produce from the mangrove area due to metal pollution will results in higher impo rts of fish products which in turn increase the outflow of money from the country.8.0 ReferencesApello, C.A.J Postma, D. 2005. Geochemistry, groundwater and pollution. 2nd edition. Roterdam Balkema.Birungi, Z., Masola, B., Zaranyika, M. F., Naigaga, I. and Marshall, B. (2008). Active biomonitoring of trace heavy metals using fish (Oreochromis niloticus) as bioindicator speciesthe case of Nakivubo wetland along lake victoria.Chaney, R. L., 2010. Cadmium and Zinc. Trace Element in Soils. Wiley Publication. United Kingdom.Department of Environment, 2007. DOE Annual Report 2007. Retrieved from http//www.doe.gov.my/files/multimedia141/AR_JAS.pdf on 10 October 2010.DID, 2010. Department of Irrigation. River Management-Activities. Retrieved on 5 October 2010 at http//www.water.gov.my/index.php?option=com_contenttask=Forghani et al., 2009. Geochemistry and speciation of metals in sediments of the Maharlu Saline Lake, Shiraz, SW Iran. Environment Earth Science (2009) 59173-184Guevara et al. , 2005. In Yu, R., Yuan, X., Zhao, Y., Hu, G., Tu, X., 2008. Heavy metal pollution in intertidal sediments from Quanzhou Bay, China. Journal of Environment Science 20, 664-669.Howard J. L., Vandenbrink W. J., 1999. Sequential extraction analysis of heavy metals in sediments of variable composition using nitrilotriacetic acid to counteract resorption.Jain, C. K., 2003. Metal fractionation study on bed sediments of River Yamuna, India. Water Research 38 (2004) 569-578Juahir, H., Zain, S., Yusoff, M., Hanidza, T., Armi, A., Toriman, M. and Mokhtar, M., 2010. Spatial water quality assessment of Langat River Basin (Malaysia) using environmetric techniques. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment.Krishnamurti, G. S. R., Huang, P. M., Van Rees, K. C. J., Kozak, L. M. and Rostad, H. P. W., 1995. Speciation of particulate-bound Cadmium of Soils and its bioavailability. Analyst, 120.851.Pempkowiase J., Sikora A., Biernacka E., 1999. Speciation of heavy metals in marine sediments vs their accu mulation by mussels. Chemosphere 199939(2)313-21.Piron, M., Pineau, A. and Mabele, R.M., 1990. Sediment, parameters and distribution of metals in fine sediments of the loire estuary. Water, Air, Amp Soil Pollution 50(3), 267-277.Poh E. L., Mun Y. K., 1994. Determination and speciation of heavy metals in sediments of the Juru river, Penang, Malaysia. Environmental Monitoring Assessment 3585-95, 1995.Sarmani, S., 1989. The determination of heavy metals in water, suspended materials andSediments from Langat River, Malaysia. Hydrobiologia 176/177 233-238, 1989 .Shazili, N.A.M., Yunus, K., Ahmad, A.S., Abdullah, N. and Rashid, M.K.A., 2006. Heavy metal pollution status in the Malaysian aquatic environment. Aquatic Ecosystem Health Management 9(2), 137-145.Silviera, M. L., Alleoni, L. R. F., OConnor, G. A., Chang, A. C., 2006. Heavy metal sequential extraction methods A modification for tropical soils. Chemosphere 64 (2006) 1929-1938.Song, Y., Wilson, M.J., Moon, H.S., Bacon, J.R. and Bain, D.C., 1999. Chemical and mineralogical forms of lead, zinc and cadmium in particle size fractions of some wastes, sediments and soils in Korea. employ Geochemistry 14(5), 621-633.Tan, G. H., (1995). Residue Levels of Phthalate Esters in Water and Sediment Samples from the Klang River Basin. Environment Contamination and Toxicology 54171-1769 1995 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.Tessier, A., Campbell, P. G. C., Bisson, M., 1979. Sequential Extraction Procedure for the Speciation of Particulate Trace Metals. Analytical Chamistry, Vol 51, No 7, June 1979.US EPA, 1996. Method 3050B. Acid digestion of sediments, sludges and soils. Available from http//www.epa.gov/osw/hazard/testmethods/sw846/pdfs/3050b.pdfviewid=16Itemid=395Yap, S.Y. and Ong, H.T. (1990) The effects of agrochemicals on an aquatic ecosystem a case study from the Krian River basin, Malaysia. The Environmentalist 10(3), 189202.Yu, R., Yuan, X., Zhao, Y., Hu, G., Tu, X., 2008. Heavy metal pollution in intertidal sedimen ts from Quanzhou Bay, China. Journal of Environment Science 20, 664-669.

Financial Statement Analysis A.G. Barr

fiscal Statement analytic thinking A.G. BarrFinancial Statement AnalysisIntroductionA.G. Barr p.l.c. is based in fall in Kingdom it maufacture, distribute, and sell softish drinks. A.G. Barr. operates in carbonates and water. Company has a wide range of cross offs which includes IRN-BRU, Rubicon, Barr Brands, KA, Strathmore, Simply, Tizer, DNB, St. Clements, Findlays and Abbotts. Company also has some partnership brands which includes Orangina, Rockstar and Snapple. The manufacturing area located in United Kingdom. Findlays Limited, subsidairy of A.G. Barr P.l.c., is engaged in Rubicon Drinks Limted and natural mineral water as well as the manufacture and distribution of soft drinks. Schweppes International Limited is also a franchise partner of A.G. Barr p.l.c in United Kingdom, authorized for manufactures and sells Orangina. It also has collabo dimensionn with Rockstar Inc. in the United States to sell and distribution of energy drink, Rockstar brand in Ireland and United King dom. The following pie-chart represent trade divide of soft drinks and low calorie drinks. They strategy confuse developed in a way to deliever long term harvest-feast in value and focussing on core brands and markets, brand portfolio, route to market, partnerships, efficient operations, people development, sustainablity and responsibility.Financial ReviewThe business performance throughout 2013 of A.G. BARR has perform well in U.K soft drinks market especially in second half of the financial year with double digit branch rate. The economic conditions in the core market segments survied difficulties in 2012, as well as the increasing cost of promotion effect coasts. A.G.BARR growth rate for volume and revenue diverge magnitude more rapidly consequentlyce the market in carbonates ans still segments. The overall growth of softdrinks experienced carbonates growth rate of 3.8% in value but decreases in terms of volume, showed growth of 1.9% with avolume declining 1%. In 2013 A.G. BARR carbonates volume increase by 6.0% and revenue increased by 7.1%. On the other hand stills also performed better with a growth of 4.3% in revenue and 4.1% in volume. In addition to delievering a growth higher then the market and much of the build program associated with their new proceeds and storage facility at Crossley Road, Milton Keynes. The Milton Keynes site is an important asset for future business developments. Adverse whether condition in 2012 impacted soft drinks category check to Nielsen research, reflects 0.7% decline while to volume grew by approximately 3%. Conumer participation in the carbonates category has remained at high level supported by price- determined promotions crosswise the main brands.Ratios analysis over the last 3 yearsProfit Margin According to the financial statements ended January 2013, Company declared a pull in after tax of 25.564 million which represent 10.76% of its sales. live year revenue grew by approximately 7% from prior year and 3.42% on the basis of second-rate growth rate from the last three year. Profit before tax and exceptional item in 2013 increased by 4.3% but profit margin was slightly reduced in 2013 as compare to 2012, due to higher cost of goods. In 2012, observed as a climate of continued economic uncertainty and increasing cost. Despite these challenges connections profit before tax and exceptional item increased by 6.2% from 2011. In 2011, Profit before tax increased by 13.3% from 2010. In 2011 AG Barr observed 10.4% growth in revenue as compare to 7% in UK soft drink market.Current ratio measure the financial stability of a participation to pay its menstruation liability. According to the financial statement, in 2013 current ratio represent 1.31(in times) thus caller has enough to pay its financial obligation. Current ratio in 2012 represent 1.46 (in times) which shows that company financial stability in 2012 is better among 2011 and 2013.Quick ratio measures the financial stability after deducting inventories and prepaid expense because they cannot be easily converted into cash at fair value. Quick ratio show clearer picture then current ratio, the companys financial stability in 2012 of having 1.043(in times) as compare to average 0.9 (in times) in the rest of year. functional capital is specify as the financial ability of a company to pay its short term obligation. Working Capital is an important factor used to measure its financial health. Working Capital Management is the strategy of a company to maintain efficient levels of both(prenominal) asset and liabilities to improve their pelf. It is calculated as current assets minus current liabilities. It involves management of inventories, cash, accounts payable and account receivable. Working capital is required to support the day to day business operation it is treated as life affinity for smooth and effective business operations. Working capital in 2013 and 2011 is little as compare to the 2012. In 20 12 company has 20.934 millions more than its liabilities. Thus in 2012 company has managed their day to day operations effectively.Dividend A.G. Barrs efficient performance through the year enabled them to distribute per share dividend. In 2012 companys profitability reflected in its dividend, declared 25.96 per share, which is high through the rest of years.Inventory turnover ratio measures the number of times the company sold its inventory throughout the year. AG Barr admit inventory turnover of 6.51(in times) in year 2013 which means that company has 1.84 month of supply of inventory on hand. In 2012 and 2011, company has 2.02 (in times) and 2.05 (in times) months of supply of inventory on hand.ROE ROA Return on equity in 2013 is greater then issue on asset by 12.55% across the year it means that company is utilizing its asset perfectly as well as optimizing its debt effectively. It also shows that management is generating good result from shareholders investment.Account rec eivable turnover Account receivable shows assurance policy of a company according to which average time allow to customer to pay their debt. In 2013, 12.64 days took to recover their credit sales. Among the three year, in 2012 company was recovering their sales quickly at the rate of 7.70 days as compare to the rest of years.Operating Risk can be defined as the more the proportion of fixed cost and lower variable cost is said to be high operating(a) leverage. A ratio which is usually used to determine the effect of operating leverage at given level on the firms potential earning is calculated by dividing, % change in EBIT by % change in Sales.Financial Risk is the use to debt in it is calculated by dividing % change in EPS by % change in EBIT. Financial risk is not dependent on sales because whether a company has high or low sales it has to pay fix interest. By calculating financial leverage of AG BARR it appears that only 1% change in EBIT, Earning per share would change by 0.93. Preparation of financial statement Financial statements of A.G. BARR p.l.c. have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as adopted by the European Union. They have been prepared under the diachronic cost accounting rules except for the derivative financial instruments and the assets of the Group subsidy scheme which are stated at fair value and the liabilities of the Group pension scheme which are valued using the projected unit credit method.FINANCIAL MARKETS AND THEIR IMPACTFinancial market is a market where an individual and fraternity can trade financial securities, commodities. This table shows classification of market and instrument through which corporations can raise funds.Raising funds from equity market whitethorn lead the investor to think that the company financial flexibility is weak, and they are unable to get funds from banks or other sources. Stock issue leads to decreased earnings per share. Raising capital from foreig n investor involves two main risks which are relevant for foreign investor. They include economic risk and political risk. Economic risk is less in countries with strong and stable economy situation. On the other hand political risk is linked with the economic stability of a country. Political conclusiveness and policies plays an important role in an economy. Political risk also called sovereign risk, the ability of a company to pay its foreign financial obligation. Risk is defined as uncertainty. The indication of risk and reward guide the investor that it would have a possibility to loss some or whole of its investment, an investor may experience bullish trend on his investment.Risk and return are directly correlated. The more you take risk, the more the likely return is, because investor demands additional return for additional risk. In finance this relationship is known as the security market line. Common stock and unified bonds are two asset classes. Corporate bond is a debt instrument and common stock is equity. Corporate bonds and, TFCs are issued by a corporation and sold to investors. Government bonds are less risky then corporate bonds. Common stock is riskier then corporate bond because if an organization goes bankrupt, common stock holders get last priority until debt holders and preferred stock holder have received their assets. But common stock holders have the possibility to earn greater or lower return as compare to stable return on corporate bonds.As far as A G BARR, capital structure for the last two years shows that debt weight-age of the total asset was 42.64% and 50.44% in 2012 and 2013 respectively. So the company has raised fund through debt in order to meet the financial need of company. One of the major benefits by using debt support is tax advantage and borrowing has a fixed return to stock holder. It has positive impact on the firm but because company failed to control its operating expenses, net profit in 2013 is less than 2012.F uture ProspectsA.G. BARR has observed a healthy performance in a marketplace impacted by the medley of very poor summer weather conditions and the continuing economic challenges faced by consumer goods companies, especially raw material cost pressures and unpredictable consumer demand. Looking forrader it is doubtful that these challenges will significantly change, however they remain carefully confident that the combination of our established operating model, continued focus on efficiency, building brand equity, sound balance sheet and ability for growth prospect leave them well placed to continue to build on this performance. In the year ahead, they dwell some decrease in the pace of input cost inflation which we expect to be at a low single digit level. Current market pricing for PET is down year on year, fruit pulp costs are lower but the cost of sugar frame persistently highConclusionA.G. BARR has delivered strong financial performance in challenging year markets. Their pro ducts continue to respond well to equity investors. They have driven strong growth in revenue and volume and have continued to increase market share across the soft drinks market. Product and supply kitchen stove innovation enabled numbers of consumers to their brands. They are further investing in assets, acquiring additional capacity that enables them to grow according to consumer demands and in line with the market pace. interest a challenging 2011, last financial year survived with strong in terms of operational performance. Last year reported growth in products accessibility and customer service has improved and cost managed effectively. During 2012 the potential merger received overwhelming shareholder support. In 2013, financials reported profit before tax increased to 35.0 million, showed 4.3% increase from the previous years. Earnings per share increased during the year by 10.9%. Their balance sheet measures have improved, showed net assets of 130.6 million, during the year company also generated salve cash flow to the firm of 22.0 million. A.G. BARR p.l.c. group brands, as well as their franchise brand Rock star, showed 8.6% growth. This performance is above as compare to the market reflects that they continued opportunities to develop availability, innovation and distribution among their brands. Their geographical growth rates grew by 4%, and investment except U.K. grew by 12%, showing both important long term growth opportunities and comparably important share from their brands.ReferencesA.G. BARR p.l.c. one-year report 2013 pages 70 124 http//www.agbarr.co.uk/pdf/Final Results Announcement January 2013.pdf Accessed 12th May 2014A.G. BARR p.l.c. Annual report 2012 pages 62 94 http//www.agbarr.co.uk/pdf/Final results announcement January 2012.pdf Accessed 12th May 2014

Situational Analysis Of International Marketing Environment Marketing Essay

Situational Analysis Of International marting Environment Marketing EssayThere tramp be some reasons for absentminded to be internationalized handle saturation in the home merchandise, the desire of export your product and catch parvenu type of customers in new securities industrys, little prospect to growth in the own expanse HM lacked to choose a strong sucker and arrive to the best cities and establish their shops. They argon t mavin always for the best cities and places to shape their shops in order to get to a smashinger extent and more customers all anyplace the world. When they decided to internationalized, their wish was to become in a slap-up noted brand, and ultimately they got it, because as I said, it is a well-known companion situate in 47 diametric countries which is besides planning to build new shops in more different ones. (See appendix2)Target MarketHMs primary target food commercialize is ground on consumer both men and women between 18-34 geezerhood old. In order to satisfy the target customer, they produce good design habilitate with good quality and all that in genuinely cheap scathes, so that, the customers of HM ar genuinely satisfied with it because it expands them everything they want. (See appendix 3)Market Selection Criteria(Keegan, W., J. and Schlegelmilch, B., B., 2001)When a smart set wants to be internationalised in a new unpolished it must answered this question so as to know exactly where to establish their brand (See appendix 4)Which market is the best?PhilippinesPortugalAs it can be seen in this deuce graphics, without a shadow of doubt it can be said that the most secure country to immortalise in is Portugal. beginning(a) of all, although this graphics not shows the concluded reason, it is the main reason for choosing Portugal. As it can be seen, in Philippines the corruption is really high, the giving medication is not as competent as in Portugal, the substructure is not as prep at omic number 18 as in Portugal to be able to build stores Finally, making the positive and negative points of each country, it is clear that Portugal is the best natural selection not only because of these results, but in like manner because the geographic location of the country. (Global Competitiveness Report, 2012-2013) (See appendix 5)PortugalOPPORTUNITIESTHREATSPOLITICALParliamentary representative democratic republicECONOMIC towering income mix economyThe financial crisisECOLOGCALMany land hectaresEcology conservation LawsTECHNOLOGICALPioneer of technologyThe financial crisisFASHION INDUSTRYGrowth in the industryThe financial crisisLEGAL REGULATORYControl competitionNot allowed aggressive competition(Technology Portugal, 2009)(Economy of Portugal, Wikipedia, 2012)(Politics of Portugal, Wikipedia, 2012) (See appendix 6)Competitors (See appendix 7)Indirect CompetitorsHM does not bind many another(prenominal) an(prenominal) Indirect Competitors in the arena, however, it is o ne that is strong and that it is gaining presence in the online shopping (See appendix 8)HMASOSDirect CompetitorsAs everywhere nowadays, in Portugal also thither are many fashion retailers that are establishing their shops in many cities so as to get more benefits and became practically more international. In the face of HM, it would have many contests, and the main one it would be Inditex. (Retail Index, 2012) (See appendix 9,10,11,12)HM vs. InditexThe major competitor of HM is Inditex, this table shows what main differences are between themOutsourcing of meaning ActivitiesGroup ModelCompetitive advantageSegmentationCommunication No own factories 80% is produced in Asia Cheaper Major margins 39,7% of cost upon sales Need to progress to collection well in advanced Single chain Major margins in the short run Collaborations with Luxury brands, singers Own industries 40% is produced in atomic number 63 Major flexibility Major ability for growth 44,3% of cost upon sales New collect ion every 2 weeks Different Chains Major vim and growth in the long run Collaborations with new designers, actors(Moda Rapida, 2012)Customers in PortugalIn all countries the customer do not have the same purchasing habits, how are the shopping habits of Portuguese young consumers?Factors that influence in clothing purchasingAt the time of purchasing clothes, young consumer In Portugal prefers not to have anybody shadower them asking all the time if they compulsion any champion, that is, they prefer to go to big stores and have a confront for everything and then if they indigence any help ask to a staff although they think that are really impersonal places. They prefer to be free, they want to be comfort when they are shopping.Shopping doings and the influence of othersPortuguese young consumers prefer to go shopping alone for many different reasonsMore freedom of movements They like to go alone as they dont need to be all the time calling to the other person come here, go ther e and so on.More independence in prize Young consumers do not like to be influenced by anyone they like to buy things without any other opinion, if they like it they would buy it without having anybody prejudicing them.Individual decision As it is individual decision, nobody would be saying anything bad approximately the clothes.Purchasing choice criteriaWhat customers are looking for at the time of buying clothes? They based their purchase in some factors that finally are the ones that studys someone to take the decision of buying one thing or another. low-down Price dragGood DesignGood QualityBrand NameDoes not have any influence in purchasing criteria as nowadays nearly all brands are equal.(Information sources and clothing,2012) (See appendix 13)Perceptual MapLow QualityHigh PriceHigh QualityLow PriceINDITEXCORTEFIELMODALFACAHMPRIMARKMANGOGAPIn order to hold the perceptual map, I use my perception most the fashion brands in the world, that is, I collocated each of the par ty in the position that I perceive. As it can be seen, in the same square we can divulge HM and Inditex, but for my point of view, although the value of Inditex is more expensive, the quality is much better so that its positioning is greater than HMs one. Apart from this, it can be said that for young people, Cortefiel and Mango are so equal in the quality and in the price, besides this, GAPs and CAs quality is very high, that is, the price and the quality of their clothes are equated. Finally, as for the brands with the lowest quality, although their low price is so attractive for punctual occasions, customers prefer to buy in companies that asseverate them a major quality.RecommendationI really recommend HM to go to Portugal as it can offer many advantages to HM starting with its geographic location. Although the financial crisis is affecting many consumer, as HM has very low prices Portugal can be a very viable market as young people would be able to get fashion clothes with t heir low income and as nowadays the visible aspect is gaining importance, HM would find a very good opportunity in Portugal.(About HM, 2012)Appendices appendix HM1980/90Stores stretch out in Germany and Netherlands. Stores open in France, and the use of celebrities to the advertisements1947197719761974196819641952Sales of cosmetic started.First store opened outside Scandinavia, In London.Listed on the Stockholms Stock ExchangeHennes buy the look for store Mauritz Widforss, and the name is changed to Hennes and Mauritz.First store opened in a foreign country, in Norway.Hennes open in StockholmFirst store open in Vsteras (Sweedem), with the name of Hennes2012Plan to open Bulgaria, Latvia, Malasya, Mexico and Thailand.2011HM open in Romania, Croacia and Singapore.2010First stores open in Soth korea and Turky. Monki goes to Asia, HM home open in Sweden.2009First store open in Russia and in Beijing. HM home is launched, Weekday and Monki open in Germany2008First store open in Tokyo. A dquisition of Weekday, Monki and Cheap Monday brands.2007First Asian store open in Hong Kong and in Shanghai. Expansion of online sales. COS stores launched.2006Major expansion of online and catalogue sales2004Initiates designer collaborations with luxury brands2000Stores open in US, Spain and in many European countries.HMs presence all over the worldHM world map. 300+ stores 200+ stores 100+ stores 50+ stores 20+ stores 10+ stores 1+ stores Upcoming stores(HHYPERLINK http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FileHM_world_map.svgHYPERLINK http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FileHM_world_map.svgM world map, Wikipedia, 2012)HM GroupHM, as Inditex, is completed by many different brands, that is, HM is a assort that is composed by some different brandsHMIt produces a broad and diverse range of fashion for men, women, youth and children, furthermore, it also sales cosmetic, accessories and products for home.COSIt offers customers a combination of timelessness and distinctive trends, for both women and men.Mo nkiIt is a very creative brand that offers to the customer the opportunity to express itself.WeekdayIt offers urban fashion for men and women always at the best price.Cheap MondayCheap Monday combines influences from street fashion and subcultures with a catwalk vibe.HMs expansion strategyHM is so conscious at the time of open up new stores in other countries, that is, it thinks that the stores should make much stronger the brand and attract customer giving them the best shopping experience as possible.When HM is move to a new country, so as to see if it would be profitable or not to enter in, it analyses the political, economic, demographic, and infrastructural environment. It creates very modern stores in all countries that it establishes its personal line of credit so as to offer a great shopping time to the customer. Furthermore, it is working(a) in making its stores much more ecological so as to save the world and do not damage it.HM is looking for a great expansion in the future day it is planning to open many new stores in many different countries, so as to create a very strong brand.HM SWOT analysesStrengthsBrand recognition Low Price and style It has presence in al over the world and people know it because of the fashionable clothes that sale in a very cheap priceOperational efficiency As it has a great control in the logistic area, it is able to have low cost and go along really good margins.OpportunitiesUntapped potential in emerging markets As the lifestyle is changing everywhere, people are much more aware of its physical aspects, so that, the fashion is gaining presence.Internet retailing The fashion industry is increasing every day, and nowadays with the help of internet they can growth in an unbelievable manner, it gave them a great opportunity to growth.WeaknessesReliance on outsourcing The reliance of Inditex products put HM in critical situation as Inditex appeals much more to customers. venial presence in emerging markets It a well-kn own brand in the whole world, but the major presence is only in Europe and in North America.ThreatsNon-food expansion of grocery retailers Many supermarkets like Tesco, are thinking in competing in the clothe industry with HM.Fast fashion becoming more matched Its major competitor is Inditex, that also does fast fashion, but new competitors also are appearing very strong(Ryerson, 2009)Vertical IntegrationHM has a vertical integration strategy in which was pioneer establishing it some years ago. Due to this strategy, the company is now able to collect information about the sales and customers and use it in order to make a better strategy always so as to get more profits for the future and catch much more customer.(Europa.eu,2012)LCCP, GCCP or FCCP?In the case of HM, it can be said that this company is GCCP( Global Culture Cultural Positioning), as they are a multinational that says to the customer that is part of the globose family. Although they need to line up maybe their strate gy in each of different country, they sale their brand as a global company actually all their products are the same in all countries, they offer the same products for the customers of different places, Being the part of the global family is the message that they are selling to the customers mind.(HM, 2012)Appendix Internationalization MotivesThere are 2 kinds of motives that prompt the companies to internationalised, Proactive and responsive motives. In the case of HM there are some points inside those factors that do not have any sense, so only the main points are going to be explained.Proactive Motives amplification and growth goalsAll companies want to growth, and so as to get it, the best option is to go abroad and establish their brand in new countries. This is one of the main reason why the companies want to internationalized, in order to become bigger and be well known in the whole work.Managerial contractIt is a motivation that the managers of the business have their motiva tion is to be part of a company that works all over the world.Foreign market opportunities/market informationHM could see many opportunities to growth in foreign markets as is a company that have great presence all over the world. However, it is not established in all countries, so if it wants to become a bigger brand, it should observe what opportunities offered each country and see if it is profitable or not.Economies of scale-learning tootBeing internationalized, offers HM the advantage of the economies of scale as it could produce high amount of clothes at the same time with very low costs.(Hollensen, S., 2007)Reactive MotivesCompetitive pressureHM could be scared for example of the competitive pressure of Inditex as it has a great strategy that helps it to continue in the cover level. If the company see that other brands are growth all over the world and are gaining customers and getting profits, the not internationalised company also would want to get all that. So for that reason, HM would like to enter in more and more countries so as to be a great company.Domestic market small and saturatedHM was created in Sweden many years ago, but as the market was becoming so small to compete there, it decided to enter in new countries so as to growth its presence.Extend sales of seasonal productsAs maybe the demand in the home country is not very big and it does not give the opportunity for the company to get the desire profits, they would find new opportunities to get what they want in foreign countries.(Hollensen, S., 2007)Appendix How to choose the target market?Targeting is the action of evaluating and canvas the different groups of consumers and chooses which is the most suitable for the company. Companies have to base their research in 3 pointsCurrent section and the growth It lead be enough profitable to the company to centre only in that fragment?Competitive intensity and potential competition If that segment has a great competition, it is suitable to enter in?Compatibility and feasibility If that segment give problems to the companies, could another company catch them?(Keegan, W.J. and Schlegelmilch, B.B., 2001)When HM creates its brand he had sure as shooting been thinking about these points at the time of creating its designs. When the companies are creating their collections they must be thinking on the target market as they are the wanted customers and they should create those clothes appeals to them.Appendix Market selection CriteriaMarket PotentialHere the company should analyse if the market satisfied completely the customer and also if the customers has the undeniable ability to purchase the product that the old retailers offer them. (International market selection, 2004)Market SizeThe companies need to observe how much of the market it can expect they could afford.Market growthThey have to observe how much have grown this sector in that country during all the years so as to know if they would find an increase or a decrease in the industry.Competitive IntensityThe Company have to make a great research relating with the competitors of the industry in that country so as to know in what position they are and how strong are the competitors.Entry BarrierIn all countries are opening barriers to foreign companies so as to protect the future of the home country industries. They should make many deals so as to finally get into a new market.Political EnvironmentThe government of a country affects a lot the business life because of the changing policies, regulations and laws. Furthermore, the government of each of the country is who choose which businesses will receive protection and which is going to face an open competition. Furthermore, the political stability of a country will affect the action that government will take, and finally that actions will have many influences in an enterprise. (Sirkeci, I. and Cawley, R., 2012)Economic EnvironmentNowadays the economy has change radically, due to that fac tor, all countries are now potential targets for every company. When a company has to make research in global marketing, the economy dimension of the world is crucial as it has great influence in this point. (Keegan, W.J., Schelegelmilch, B.B., 2001)demographic StructureThe company should observe how has change the demographic in the objective country so as to control the evolution of the Target customer.Purchasing advocateIt has to know how is the purchasing power of the objective customer so as to know if they are going to get benefits or loses in that country.InfrastructureThe retailers need to observe if the infrastructure of the country is good or not in order to build factories and stores in that country. The country must have strong infrastructure so as to build powerful companies, strong social, economic, aerialinfrastructure.Appendix Philippines and PortugalSo as to choose the most appropriate country to enter in, many things must be analysed as it can be seen in the paper . However, not only those shown points are important, there many other things like the GDP, unemployment rate, population, innovation that should be take into account when an enterprise want to be opened in that country.PhilippinesPopulation 93,6millionsGDB per capita 2,007$Infraestructure 3,1Macroeconomic environment 5Goods market efficiency 4,1Having a look to these different score between 1-7, it is clear that Portugal is much more secure country to establish their company. Although the most relevant dates had been explained before in the pages, these are also very important at the time of choosing the country to enter in. So finally, Portugal is the country that will be analysed for the report.Labor market efficiency 3,9Financial market development 4Technological readiness 4,6PortugalPopulation 10,7 millionsGDP per capita 21,559$Infraestructure 5,5Macroeconomic environment 4,2Goods market efficiency 4,3Labor market efficiency 3,8Financial market development 4Technological readin ess 5,3(The Global Competitiveness report, 2012-2013)Appendix PortugalPolitical EnvironmentPortugal has a constitutional republic and a parliamentary corpse in which a semi presidential regime is established. The prime minister is elected every four years and is the person who led the government, furthermore, the president of the government is elected every five years.(Doing business in Portugal, 2012)Economic EnvironmentThere can find many industries that have established their main company in Portugal, for example, in the case of Inditex, it has one factory there, as the production is cheaper than in Spain. But although been a developed and high income country, it has the lowest GDP in Western Europe, and besides, the population has the lowest purchasing power of the European Union.(Economic of Portugal, Wikipedia, 2012)Regulatory EnvironmentThe Law 18/2003 In Portugal is create to maintain a competitive economy, not to have an unfair competitive and so heavy one. The law prohibi ted the company to make agreements that would affect the competition between economic agents in national territory. In addition to this, the companies are not allowed to make a very aggressive competition so as not to affect the sector in that country.(Doing business in Portugal, 2012)Fashion industryNowadays the textile industry in Portugal represents just under the 10% of outputs. The situation in Portugal is not the best, but the companies that are surviving are having great profits, so people are seen as an optimist market. Many different brands produce their clothes in Portugal like Fred Perry, Inditex, Paul Smith because the process is not as expensive as in other European countries, , however, although the industry is surviving, all the companies has suffered losses during the financial crisis. all type of industry are suffering now due to the 2008 financial crisis, in many countries many companies closed their factories, nevertheless, the textile industry in Portugal is gro wing up again ,so slowly, but is growing. Every brand are getting now profits, so for HM it could be a great opportunity as the industry is having good results nowadays. Besides, it must be said that HMs strategy is very similar to Inditex ones, its clothes are so cheap and finally a country that is suffering a lot because of the crisis , population wants to have the opportunity to buy cheap fashionable clothes. Inditex is having great results in the country, so as HM prices are cheaper, why it would not get many profits? Portugal as I said, can offer HM many great advantages.(UK reuters, 2012)Barriers to enter in countryThere many barriers in all countries for different companies that want to establish their brand there are (Hollensen, S., 2007)General Market RisksThe main barriers are the great competitiveness that HM could find in Portugal, the different culture and language, because the Swedish and Portuguese people are so different at the time of working and also the language i s totally different. In addition to this, it is no easy to find a new distributor in a foreign country, they should make alliances an all of that work so as to get a great position, and finally, it must be said that it is a very difficult work to adapt all the company for that new culture and make a great company overseas.Commercial RisksAlthough Portugal is in Europe too, there are always delays in the delivering of the export products or some damages in them. Beside this, there are always changes in rates and that could have a great influence in the cost of a company.Political RisksThis subject is a little bit special companies have to take caution as politics have great influences in all countries. HM have to take into account how is the law of the exports in Portugal, what type of restrictions have impose the government, the thoughts of the citizensOpportunities of entering in the PortugalInvesting in Portugal it would give companies many advantages for many different reasons (D oing business in Portugal, 2012)Strategic access to marketDue to the Portugal economic openness and also because of its strategic geographical position it can offer great opportunities to different companies between EU and also different markets. As it has relations with Brazil and is near Africa, it offers great advantages so as to make exports and imports.Cost competitive, qualified and flexible workforceThe Portuguese employers are known for having great attitudes at the time of adapting their self to new technologies, strategies and so on.Excellent environment to live and workIt is a country that offers the companies very secure areas and ensure the security for their production, and so on as it is very peaceful place.InfrastructureAs during the last year Portugal has made great investment so as to modernizing its communication infrastructures, it is great country to establish a company as it can be adapted very easily to the new technologies that the company will bring with it .Appendix CompetitorsThreats of New entranceRivalry among animate competitorsThreat of Substitute products or servicesBargaining power of buyersBargaining power of suppliers(Keegan, W.J. and Schlegelmilch, B.B., 2001)Market 5 forcesReferring to HM, although it is a great company, its major competitor is doing everything much better than it does. HM it would be the new entrance in that country and of course all those competitors like Inditex, Cortefiel and so on, would be threat of it as they would need to fight with one more company. However, knowing that new entrance, those companies may start making much more deals with the suppliers so as to have the ability to offer better products and service to their customers and not lose them. Finally, HM has a great positive factor to the consumers that could be a great advantage to its competitors. It makes many alliances with famous designers like Versace, Moschino in order to create new collection that are attractive to young consumers as they feel with higher status. Inditex should be worry about that as luxury brands are so attractive to consumers, but if it continuous doing a hard work it will be as everywhere the superior of the sector also in Portugal.Appendix ASOSASOS is an online beauty store that provides the customer many products of different brands in very cheap prices. That is, the consumer can buy in the same website clothes from many different brands like Adidas, Armani, Topshop it sales hundreds of brands, thats why it became so attractive to the customer, because it can find in the same place clothes from everywhere.ASOS was created firstly in United Kingdom in 2000, but them while it was gaining presence in whole Britain it started going abroad and gaining presence in many countries of Europe. After that, the market of US was prepared to ASOS arrival as everyone wants to have the opportunity to buy many brands product in the same place.(ASOS, 2012)Appendix MOFALDAModalfa is a Portuguese fashion b rand that offer the customer very fashionable clothes in a cheap prices. In Portugal, as I explained before, it is a great competitor for HM as it offers the customer similar opportunities as HM does.(Modalfa, 2012)Appendix CORTEFIELCortefiel is the first brand created by Cortefiel group in 1946, which offer the customer an soigne and comfortable style with very high quality. With this personal style, Spanish brand has open its road for many countries and it is very strong competitor for many other companies. Its target customer is based on men and women between 35-45 years, and although HM is addressed to young people, finally all type of consumers are important for every company. (Cortefiel, 2012)Appendix CACA is a fashion company that has presence in 20 different countries of Europe. People have a very good perception about CA, it offers 10000 different products in all the countries, and although its high prices, the products have very high quality, the clothes lasts for years s o people do not mind to pay more for those clothes. (CA, 2012)Appendix InditexThe Inditex group is the most powerful competitor of HM. Inditex has many different brands inside, that are very famous and makes it the more and more strong everydayZARA Zara has presence in 85 countries and it has opened 1671 stores in the best places of the cities. For Zara there is no any limit, they want to be in all the countries of the world in the future, and due to its great strategy it can get it as it is opening new stores every day. absorb Bear It was create in 1991 especially for young people as it has very juvenile style. Is it one of the most profitable brand in footing of Urban clothes as every young people go there to get urban style clothes.Massimo Dutti It has 567 stores spread in 53 different countries. It offers Urban and casual styles both for men and women, its target market is based on men and women adults, thats why the growth of the prices and the change in the style comparing w ith other brands.Bershka It was launched in 1998 and nowadays it has 839 stores in 63 different countries, and as it is known, it appeals basically to the young target market.Stradivarius It produces clothes, accessories, shoes and its clothes are combination of elegant and hippie clothes that appeal a lot for young people.Oysho Oysho sells the latest fashion trends in womens lingerie and intimate apparelZara Home It is specialised in home decoration and linen things that attract so much to women because of it reasonable prices.Uterqe It is the newest brand of Inditex and it is the most expensive brand of the group.(Inditex group, 2012)Zara is the most powerful brand of the group, is the main competitor of HM alone as I said. In the above image appear where Zara has its stores. (Zara targetmap, 2012)Appendix CustomersThe culture in which the consumers have been grew up have many influences in the p